Network Methodology Essay

We surveyed much more about t Ncell through the use of various sources. Through these surveys we came to know about different aspects about Ncell. But we tried to get more insight of the consumers or the users of Ncell . With this prime motives we all decided to conduct a small Consumer Feedback Survey among the users of Ncell. We asked them the close ended questionnaire as a part of our primary survey . These questionnaire were distributed among the 20 Ncell users To know the diversified customers response we have selected the respondents from many sector llike professionals, Students , housewife and so on. The nature of our questionare were solely based on the satisfaction level,attitude towards product ,features of products. The sample of the questionnaire is presented below: Customer Feedback Survey-Questionnaire Name: Address: Contact: Email: Profession: Please tick the appropriate options Q. 1. What is your view on network quality of Ncell ? a) Excellent b)Good c)Average d)Below Average Q. 2. Which service of Ncell do you use most? a)Call b) GPRS/3G c)Data card d)others Q. How expensive do you think is the price of Ncell service? a)Cheap b)Satisfactory c)Expensive d)Comparatively expensive Q. 4 How much money ( in average )do you spend in Ncell ? a)less then 100 b)R. S 100-250 C)R. S 250- 500 d)R. S 500 and above Q. 5 How does the feedback and customer care service respond to your problems ? a)Very Fast b)Average C)Satisfactory d)Slow response Q. 6 How is Advertising of Ncell? a) Persuasive b) Reinforcing c) Reminding d) Informative Q. How often do you get bonus scheme or offer fro m Ncell ? a) Frequently b) Very often c) Sometimes d) Rarely Q. 8 If you are using Ncell Internet service, how is it? a) Very fast b) comparatively fast c) Moderate d) slow Q. 9 What factor influenced you to purchase Ncell service? a) Media advertisement b) Hoarding board c) word of mouth d) References e) Non Q. 10 Do you have any suggestions that would help us to improve our Ncell service? Signature of the customer: Thank you for your kind cooperation Major Findings From the customer survey that we conducted with 20 different Ncell customers we have found some crucial results. According to them the network quality of Ncell service is good however some of them said it is excelled. Likewise talking about the services provided by Ncell many of them are using call and GPRS service, the majority of GPRS users are youth among them. Another important result we have found about the price that Most of the respondent said it is comparatively expensive (which mean the Ncell Price is expensive than its major rival NTC). However the service within the Ncell subscriber is not that expensive. The major factors affecting to purchase of Ncel Service are Media advertisement, hoarding board, word of mouth and references respectively. Moreover the advertising of the Ncell is more reinforcing according to the respondents however some of them said it is informative e also. Considering the aforementioned survey discussion now we would like to show here some figures and chart to understand the findings in more specific way.

McDonald’s Corporation Essay

1.0 Introduction Almost everyone said that customer service is one of the most important managements of the company or organization to run a business. The company don’t have a business if they don’t have customers. If actions are not taken to make sure that company has a good customer service, in the end it will affect overall performance of the company or organization. The commitment on customer service should always begin at first to make a company successful. Time by time, business competition is getting tougher and increasing. If the company or organization cannot provide goods or services when customers wants or needs it, that company or organization market will take over by other companies. To prevent this situation happen, the company’s leaders or management groups must produce and provide goods or services to meet their customer’s expectations. Good customer service is the foundation of any business because it create a platform or idea to helps the company growth and also helps to increase company reputation. If customers are happy and satisfy with the goods or services that company produce or provide, They will becoming repeat customers by continue buying that goods or services. McDonald’s Corporation or McD is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. McDonald’s headquartered is in the United States and was founded by Ray Kroc in year 1955 after he purchased the rights to a small hamburger chain operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald. McDonald’s first filed for a U.S. trademark on the name McDonald’s on May 4, 1961, with the description â€Å"Drive-In Restaurant Services†. McDonald’s major products are hamburgers, different types of meat sandwiches French fries, soft drinks, breakfast, and desserts. In markets, McDonald’s also provide salads and vegetarian sandwiches or hamburgers, wraps and other localized fare. There are local deviation from the standard menu at different country to follow local food taboos such as the religious prohibition of beef consumption in India. Today, McDonald’s become one of the most successful fast food chain because they delivering on the highest levels of quality, service and cleanliness to all of its customers in each and every restaurant. Their key to continued success is always and continually monitoring on the feedback given to them by customers. 2.0 Content 2.1.1 Customer Service Theories The customer service theory is talking about to retaining customer loyalty and loyalty still is the main core. If the company don’t have the principles of customer service to serve their customers, a company cannot survive. Customers will continue support the company products or services if the company cares about customers, their comfort and concerns. Adam Smith’s famous Wealth of Nations (1776) said that customer service is the core of the basic theory of competition. If one company wants to success, that company needs to understand what kind of products or services customers need time by time. If not the customer will go to other companies get what they want to satisfy their need. Customer service is almost same meaning with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and it links each other in a chain. Customer service can creates customer satisfaction, and at the same time, it also creates customer loyalty. 2.1.2 The concept of customer service Customer service related to the relationship between a product or service provider and customer. An organization need to meet customer expectations and satisfy the customer in order to maintain good image .Customer service relates to understand both the nature of the organization’ customers. An organization need to identify customers according to different group. Customers are vary according to gender, age, social status and personality. Customers maybe one-time customers ,repeat customers or old customers. Each group have specific need for the business in term of service. Customer service behaviours include the factors of providing information, efficiency and following up the customers .The level of service provided depend on how the interaction between the organization and its employee. Therefore, attitude such as friendly, respect, polite, and helpful is important in term of variables. Employee can understand more the role they play in overall customer service within the organization and specific attitudes through employee training. Therefore, training need to refresh regularly to meet the change of customers need in service and competitors activities. Beside that, organization need to get feedback from customers in term of service. Good customer service depend on looking at customer’s perspective. Employee need to focus and discuss service issues on regular basis which can help them improve the standards of services. 2.1.3 Models Of The Improve Customer Service The new customer service model is customer service needs to respond to the social customer no matter it is traditional agent model or a new service community-based model or some combination . The core in customer service is how to minimize the problems and optimist the customer experience had .That is when there is a problem have to solve immediately ,the customer can be a first contact resolution by using multiple channels . Customer service is one of the part of the customer experience that is having the lowest price and the fastest deliver as well as reliable enough so you don’t have to contact anyone . Then your customer service improved. ( Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon) Through the study from RightNow & Yougov Plc in 2007 of 2800 British consumers proved that customer service can creates the real challenge because 69% of them complained between at least 1 time to the company .Over half of the respondents expected the problem to be fixed to their satisfaction .27% of the respondents claimed the problem was fixed to their satisfaction however 34% said no action was taken at all.(RightNow & Yougov Plc in 2007).. In this era of globalization ,citizens are relying to the cyber world so the customer service get problems especially communication problem .Therefore ,customer service has to concern about the social customer’s multichannel preferences to communicate . Customer play a important role as king .When they complain ,company must handle them well and provide a excellent customer service exceed the customer expectations . 2.1.4 Assumption For Improve Customer Service Customer service is important for a company. If doesn’t exist of customer service, I think consumer can’t get enough information to do their purchase. So, if hope to achieve successful on yours enterprise, you should more and more improve the customer service to reach the best way. As a worker or employee, attitude is a significant factor to serve your customer. No matter your customer is a child, women, or old people, you should respect them and serve them as well as possible. If not, you will lose the customer and affect reputation of company. Customers will more purchase your product if they feel they are respected by you. Otherwise, a company can offer face to face service. Service worker should be a good listener. Workers are supposed to listening what customer needs and problem patiently. This can help company obtain more information to satisfy customer needs. If workers doesn’t listen what was customer said, the customer will be feel doesn’t respected by you. Then the customer will have a bad impressive to our company. Next, worker training also bring large effect for a company. The worker that got training will be more experience. They can offer good customer service and provide more information about their product for the customer. If company doesn’t provide training for theirs worker, the quality of the customer service will very low. 2.2 McDonald’s practices/operations Employee training Training is a crucial part in McDonald’s with employees to give them the tools and resources they need to settle with complaints effectively. Employees should be encourage to identify customers who are dissatisfied and spread of potential complaints. This initial training is followed throughout the careers of restaurants ensure that they are always aware of the important of care and customers retention .Together with our manager, we also teach employees how to communicate effective on services either within the business . All new employees begin their McDonald’s experience with an induction into the company. Staff trainers should work together with trainees to learn the operations technique necessary for running each of the procedure in each restaurant. All employees will understand how to operate food service equipment and gaining knowledge of McDonald’s operational procedures through the training. Step-by-Step manuals and video tapes cover every detail, from how to learn communicate with customers, and how to provide good service to customers. Employees also learn how to train and supervise others. McDonald’s also act as â€Å"mentor†, to teach the interpersonal and organizational skills necessary for functioning effectively on any job for the first hired employee. McDonald’s business requires teamwork, discipline and responsibility to work out the results in order to improve communications skills as well as self-confidence. For example, The Management Training Centre (MTC) is McDonald’s prime UK training facility, to provide different type of business management and restaurant operations courses to franchise and management employees throughout the United Kingdom. The Management Training Centre also run few courses to give skills required by different levels of management, from restaurant shift management to mid – management. Technology Today, McDonald’s can receive and take note on customer feedback through the latest technology today. These technology also used by others retailers which in the customer service industry by record or take down customer contact either by internet, phone, or letter into a customer service database. By using the technology in the right way, McDonald’s can ensure that every of their customer can receives an accurate, personal and in time response. Based on the chart 1 below, most of the feedback method from customers is the internet. After McDonald’s had introduced the ‘Contact Us’ page at McDonald’s website, and it became the most popular way to let customers provide feedback about the McDonald’s products and services. Chart 1: Feedback method from customer Beside that, in technology field, McDonald’s also introduce free wireless internet access at almost every McDonald’s restaurants. Customers will be able to connect the internet via their mobile phones, laptop, games consoles and more. This free Wi-Fi service will benefit a lot of their customers like business peoples or students who can check their e-mail, surf internet, read news and more. The company’s president and CEO, Steve Easterbrook said: â€Å"We hope that this will be a breath of fresh air and give greater choice for Wi-Fi hotspot users who have had little choice but to pay by the month or hour to access the internet on the move.† Payment Before that, McDonalds do accept cash as a payment method only . Nowadays, technology are getting more advance in business field. McDonald provide a new payment method to convenient customers to make their payment either using debit or credit card for their meals. For example, IBM and McDonald’s Launch New Cashless Payment System in UK. IBM and Mc Donald had launch a new cashless payment system for 1,300 McDonald’s owned and franchised restaurants across the UK and Ireland for three year agreement .This system will operation by the end of 2010 which help McDonald’s cater to the increasing number of customers using credit and debit card payments. By using this system, customer experience have improving by increasing the speed and security of service at McDonald’s restaurant. This new system provide a secure way for payment service at McDonald’s. Security level increased with anti-tamper and fraud detection software installed on hand held chip and pin devices to help protect customer card payment. It can let customers feel safety when using this system for payment. This solution also help McDonald’s find a good way to operate its daily business more efficiently by centralizing business process into database which enable automated settlement and report. In this new era, IBM also provide technology consulting services to link and maintain the payment solution which is being designed and built around the McDonald’s point of sale . 3.1 Problem Encountered By McDonald’s Related To Improve Customer Service French fries of McDonald’s were discovered contain higher content of trans fat. Trans fat can cause cancer and can worsen the quality of milk in breast-feeding mothers as well as increase the risk to get diabetes and obesity .Trans fat also reported cause low birth weight and lower immunity level in babies .The fries is danger to human reproductive function because the trans fat that contained will reduce the quantity of male hormones and effect the quality of semen. From this case, we can know about McDonald’s doesn’t serve theirs customer in a proper way. McDonald’s was received complain from vegetarians that doesn’t stated that inside French fries contain beef oil. McDonald’s just stated the French fries were cooked in 100 percent of vegetable oil. This is not only affect the vegetarians, the Hindu customers also impact by McDonald’s. McDonald’s should not give the wrong information to theirs customer. This is because information very important when the customers make the decisions. Some McDonald’s franchise was provided low quality of foods control. The burger had been complained is hard rock and hard to bite and the patty had lost it’s juicy .Furthermore ,the lettuce that was used is not fresh while the French fries is also hard because of over frying . McDonald’s employee have big problem in the way to serve the customers .Moreover ,the crew are not well trained and low moral values .Some of the crews had been complained that they scolded customer loudly and humiliate the customer in public .The services are unsatisfactory and their attitude is worst .Hygiene of the McDonald’s of franchise also in a bad condition.The McDonald’s transaction accuracy is poor .The crew in McDonald had been complained in transaction accuracy when they gave the customer wrong amount of balance . They show their bad attitude to the customer and some customer was waiting longer time for someone to take order. Otherwise, employee didn’t show theirs smile face and didn’t say thank you to the customers when customer taking theirs food and drinks. Speed of service also is one of the problem that McDonald faced. McDelivery had extend its delivery time to 24 hours yet it still under the poor service .The food that had delivered is out of the consumer expected .The food that had delivered is already cold and not in good condition or the item that included is missing . The playground equipment is complained by the customer .The playground equipment that had in McDonalds is dirty and the lab test proved that the playground equipment is full with the dangerous bacteria , including antibiotic-resistant Staph or MRSA, known to cause potentially life-threatening infections . 4.0 Recommendations Some of the McDonald’s branch should provide enough tables and chairs for the customers to dine in especially in peak time. It is because many of the customers come to McDonald’s for their lunch but don’t have enough place for them to enjoy their meal. The tables and chairs also should spread out so the customers can easily walk through. The branch also should provide some facility to convenient customers like baby changing area, normal separate toilets for male and female, disabled toilet, baby chairs and more so that can improve their customer service and satisfy customers needs. From the customers feedback, they complaint that some of the McDonald’s branch not in clean condition. For example, some customers found out there is cockroach and flies inside the restaurant. McDonald’s also should clean the restaurant and do pest control for each and every restaurant. Employees also need to respond fast to clean the table especially during the peak hours. Employees should do their job responsibility to help customers in term of service to increase the image of McDonald’s. Employees should show their moral value by greeting customer as well as possible. Employees should always be helpful, be patience, courteous and polite. They must listen carefully what customer needs. Besides that, companies are suggest to trained their employees to become fast respond when customers asking some problem. Mcdelivery service should always delivery on time. Employee must to be careful when taking order and quantity and avoid from mistake. McDonalds should improve the food quality .For examples ,the burger and the French fries don’t over frying because it will cause the customer hard to bite it .The lettuce have to serve in fresh and make sure the cheese melt enough before it served . The food also have to serve in hot so that it maintain the good taste . 5.0 Conclusion Until today, McDonald’s continued become one of the most successful fast food chain in the market because McDonald’s keep on monitoring and get the feedback from their customers. From the feedback they got from the customers, they try to increase and delivering better quality of foods and services to the customers including customer service by listening to their customers. That’s why McDonald’s always stay ahead from other competitors. Customers play a important roles as a king .Therefore , the customer service is very important .The company have to serve the customer properly and improve their moral values and attitudes to satisfy the customers. In building strong customer relationships, factors such as trust, knowledge, efficiency, and friendliness are important considerations. These factor are the ways to build and retain customer base. From this assignment ,we had learned the moral values about how to satisfy the customer needs .We should not treat the customers impolitely. We had learned how importance of the customer service to the company. If a company don’t have a good customer service, they might losing customers and also it will affect company reputation and finally the overall company performance also decrease. Furthermore ,we also learned about team works and co operations .Without team works and co operations ,we can’t finished the assignment on time .

Ancient Chinese Culture

The fertile banks of the Tigris, Euphrates and the Indus rivers have produced a rich civilization in the Middle East and India, but the same happened in the Yellow River in China. Civilization and Mesopotamia, the civilizations of Jalapa and Mohenzodaro are not mentioned in the outside world. Yellow River Civilization not only reflects the development of the other two civilizations, it also contributes to its own unique civilization. Communication with West Asia and South Asia of China's geographical location - Qinghai - Tibetan plateau in the west and Takayama in the Gobi desert in the north is difficult. Ancient Chinese culture has a history of more than 5000 years. China's cultural history has very diversity and diversity. Exquisite Chinese civilization is rich in arts and science, exquisite painting and printing technology, exquisite ceramics and sculptures. The architectural tradition of China is highly appreciated all over the world. Chinese and literature, philosophy and polit ics are still considered to have strong influence. Only after Western culture emerged in the middle of the 19th century, Chinese culture succeeded in maintaining its unique identity. Prehistoric Japanese culture began to be influenced by ancient Chinese culture thousands of years ago. One consequence of these effects is the implementation of the land split grill system that existed for a long time; the ancient place name and field boundaries of the system can still be traced. Chinese writing and many other Chinese developments have been introduced for centuries; for centuries the writing system has gone through many modifications as it does not fit in Japanese . Buddhism began in India and was revised in Central Asia, China and Korea before reaching Japan in the 6 th century - and it had a great influence on Japanese culture life, Buddhism was changed from its pioneering form with time It has developed. Similarly, China's urban design was introduced in the layout of the ancient capi tal of Nara and Kyoto, but the island had no spread.

Van Gogh in Provance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Van Gogh in Provance - Essay Example Van Gogh found Arles to be an attractive destination with its Provencal landscapes and intense light and colors when he arrived there in February, 1888. During his time in Provence, he produced over three hundred paintings, water colours and drawings. Van Gogh’s drawings were made with a wide variety of tools and materials, and his subjects ranged from still life depictions to â€Å"interiors, gardens, parks, townscapes, landscapes, and seascapes to figure studies and portraits†. The skill and accuracy of van Gogh’s mark making in the mature reed-pen and ink drawings of the Provencal period are amazing to view. This paper has highlighted Vincent Van Gogh’s life when he was in Provence, France. The works that the artist created while in Provence, the unique qualities of nature characterized by luminous brightness and rich colors in the South of France that influenced his work were examined, his lifestyle and passion for creating his artistic works, and finally his attacks of mental illness and subsequent decline towards taking his own life were discussed. Van Gogh was passionately committed to understanding and recording his experiences of nature and to find the transcendant meaning of the radiant light of the Midi. Krohn believes that any inquiry into the nature of beauty is a noble enterprise. Most pilgrims who travel in this pursuit, discover that the investigation and the inward journey form the greatest rewards. The discussion of the life and powerful works of the artist van Gogh help to get insights into the artist dedicated to his work but was unable to find relief from his tormenting mental condition. His tremendous artistic productivity within a short span of time is remarkable, taking into account the high quality and commanding stature of his works.

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue Essay

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue - Essay Example The Dura-Europos synagogue is referred to by some as "Pompeii of the Syrian Desert†, due to the remarkable preservation it underwent. The Dura exhibited a rectangular shape of the grid, and was located in close proximity with the central agora streets.The location of the Dora on the main crossroads made it a cosmopolitan city, according to inscriptions with multiple languages, together with numerous religious buildings for Jews, Pagans, and Christians that lay side by side (Davies and Whitehead 175). Dura Europos was abandoned after the Sassanian siege that took place between 254 and late 256. During the last gasp of saving the city, the synagogue got filled in in-order to make a fortress, thus facilitating its preservation. This was followed by eventual covering of the city with shifting sands that caused its disappearance. Architectural PortraitThe Dura Europos was largely made of the mud-brick architecture, but its siege works and walls had the dramatic remains that combined with the precipitous views on the Euphrates green valley that made for the striking sight (Olin 10). Being a cosmopolitan society, the Dura-Europos exhibited many inscriptions of different origins, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Safaic and the Palmyrenean. Among the Dura Euporos homes, there were three that were converted for religious purposes. For instance, the Mithraem was dedicated to Mithras god worship, and another one had its structure modified to create a synagogue for the Jews (Feugere 723).

School violence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School violence - Term Paper Example Those kids that perpetually commit violent acts towards classmates are more likely to use drugs and alcohol, to quit going to school altogether and go on to be involved in criminal behaviour later in life. Children who are often the victims of schoolyard violence tend to experience more stress in their lives which leads to higher levels of anxiety, depression, physical illnesses and thoughts of suicide than those that do not. For both bully and bullied, these actions negatively affect learning potentials and retards personal development. The seemingly never ending cycle of intimidating actions works to tear apart the underpinnings of a civil society from the bottom up. The reason children act out violently towards others is because they have been treated with disrespect or have been bullied themselves. A pattern of poor social adjustment perpetuates itself from one child to another and from one generation to the next. Factors including an unstable household, pressures from school and the perceived feeling of control as well as the individual characteristics of impulsivity, a low self-esteem and a lack of self control are predictors of violent behaviors.

Negotiation & cross cultural communication Essay

Negotiation & cross cultural communication - Essay Example It is noteworthy to mention that the company has successfully fulfilled all â€Å"minimum† requirements required by the State. Therefore, to hold the company legally wrong would not be practically possible. The company has a strong case since it has complied with the legal requirements. The question now arises as to the ‘ethical’ obligations of the company in a foreign land- a case that has historically been a complex one. The Chinese negotiator employs a mix of ‘win-win’ and ‘win-lose’ strategies (Fang, 2006). Ultimately, however, the choice of either strategy is dependent of the level of trust prevalent in the situation (Fang, 2006). Therefore, as mentioned earlier, the development of trust between the two parties by the company shall be a deciding factor. In this case, however, it is highly likely that the Chinese farmers shall deploy a competitive negotiation style (as opposed to a co-operative one) due to the presence of foreigners ( the British and Germans running Zhengcheng in this case) (Fang, 2006). High-ranking employees must, therefore, be sent to negotiate with the farmers as a sign of respect and regard to their concerns (Faure, 1998). The individuals dealing with the Chinese must demonstrate significant level of patience and power to take decisions. The negotiating team must include a lawyer who’s thoroughly abreast of Chinese law as well as international best practices. This individual shall also strengthen the link between the foreign party and the Chinese farmers. Furthermore, it would be fruitful to include the company’s Chinese counterparts during the discussion as these shall act to enhance the level of trust between the two parties. Given their native Chinese ‘sense’ they shall be able to understand and respond to the underlying Chinese tricks in a better manner compared to the Westerners (Fang, 2006). Considering the fact that the Chinese tend to have a low level of tr ust for foreign stakes in their land, it would also be useful to include government support for Zhengcheng’s operations during the negotiation process. Towards the end, it is highly desirable to demonstrate to the Chinese that similar contractual agreements have been formerly accepted by other Chinese parties (Fang, 2006). The Chinese are highly risk-averse individuals; hence, by doing so the company would majorly mitigate the risks faced by the Chinese farmers. However, this may not be possible given that it is a first-time situation in this case. The company lawyer, however, may be able to assist in this regard and demonstrate cases of other Western companies reaching similar agreements with the Chinese in the past. The communication process in this case is a complex one since it involves taking into account various cross-cultural dynamics between the parties. The major issue is the ethical concerns by residents of China regarding Zhengcheng Ltd.’s waste disposal mec hanisms that have contaminated the production of lychees. It is in the best interests of the company to deploy significant level of culture-specific communication strategies to deal with the concerns of the Chinese farmers. It is imperative that the Western party engages in pre-negotiation discourse with the Chinese farmer

Single Parent Struggle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Single Parent Struggle - Research Paper Example It is quite difficult to anticipate how kids will survive the change in their lives, and how they will react to the absence of one of their parents. Teenage pregnancy is another problem that leaves adverse effects upon the single parent and the child. The rate of out-of-wedlock teenage births has increased over the years, and this has put a great threat to the ethical and social concerns of the society. This paper tends to argue that a single parent, whether divorced or teen mother, has to struggle hard to survive and raise kids. â€Å"More than 40 percent of marriages in America end in divorce† (The Survivor’s Club, para.2). One has to think about a lot of issues, from managing finances to raising kids to looking for a new life partner. Once the decision has been finalized, and the divorce has occurred, the hardest part is to re-assemble the shattered pieces of one’s personality, mind and heart, and to recover from the trauma. A single parent has to go through many sorts of discriminatory behaviors at workplaces and other areas of life. As for a single teen mother, she is stigmatized by the society so much so that this perception creates great negative impacts on her life and her opportunities in education and employment. Single teen moms do not find themselves capable of graduating their high school nor do they go for proper prenatal care out of embarrassment. The baby, when comes to the world, fails to get proper psychological and social development. Single teen moms have difficulty in keeping up with school requirements and relating with peers after giving birth (McDermott and Graham). Furthermore, Single parents suffer from much negative behavior from their children. For example, in case of divorce, children are the ones who suffer the most when their parents are having clashes with one another. They adopt many negative behavioral patterns, which might not show at the moment, but are very powerful and get expressed when they grow up into teenage and older adults. Parents start their new lives, but the lives of children get shattered because they have to live with one of the two parents, due to which they become deprived of the love of the other parent. This makes them under confident and frustrated, and they grow up into disturbed individuals. Preschool children are normally attached to their mothers, so their reaction will not be very strong if their fathers leave, as Cooney, Hutchinson and Leather state, â€Å"Post divorce relations between young children and their parents are largely differentiated by the gender of the parent† (153). However, school age and adolescent children react very severely because they do not understand the concept of parents parting each other. They may finally adapt to the situation, but they become vulnerable and feel deprived. School age children may feel very miserable, scared, timid, helpless, and deserted, when one of the two parents is not around. Adolescents show severer reactions through anger and aggression. They may even become involved in sex and drugs. Hence, it is important for the divorcing couples to think about how their children will solve the riddle of their lives. Children of divorce may benefit through proper counseling. Children learn to cope with the circumstances resulting from divorce. Counseling helps them in their emotional stability, which is very necessary for them to grow up into normal and stable individuals of society. Since all children possess unique qualities, they react to counseling strategies in their own ways. Their age and development phase counts very much toward th eir reaction to counseling. Opponents of this argument

Wk4 Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk4 Discussions - Assignment Example Some of them might not be conscious of the dynamics involved in the investment of securities. Others might be conscious of the securities investment but do not understand which security will give a better return than the other. If Mr. Lynch answers this question, more investors from other industries will be interest on security investment. Mr. Lynch can let us know how to minimize market risks since avoiding it by diversification is impossible. He will suggest other avenues investors can use to minimize the risks associated with the type of security they have invested. Expectations of investors are high return, but market risk being included in the equation then the possibility of high return becomes slim. If investors have been armed with that kind of information regarding securities investment, we can be rest assured the number of investors in securities will increase. This will be a boost to our nation’s economy. To calculate the cost of equity division of cost of structure will need the use of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or by Dividend Growth Model (DGM). The cost of debt can be calculated by use of historical (coupon) interest rate or market based interest rate The techniques used to calculate the estimate of divisional cost of capital are referred to as pure play approach. This technique is used to calculate riskier division is the security market line (SML) while for conservation division subjective approach technique would be used to estimate the cost of capital. The main challenge experienced during the estimation of the cost of capital for a division is that it hardly has securities for to trade in the market, so it is a problem to notice the risk of division in the markets’

Resarch critical appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Resarch critical appraisal - Essay Example urvey, using a 17-item questionnaire, of 112 respondents between the ages of 37 to 87 years old of both male and female genders, all of whom speak Swedish. The actual research did not entail significant ethical concerns considering that much of it was presumably done personally and voluntarily by the respondents by filling up the 17-item questionnaire after informed consent was obtained. Aside from the individual informed consent, the researchers also acquired prior approval from Research Ethical Committee at the University of Gothenburg. The researchers, however, failed to state how they were able to gain access to hospital data regarding patients who are scheduled for THA. Privacy and confidentiality of medical records relative to medical research studies have always been problematic areas from the perspectives of patients (Lo 2009 82). It is notable, however, that the research has specifically excluded patients who are critically ill and mentally impaired. Employment of mentally impaired persons in research studies is ethically questionable considering that historically they have often been subjected to research abuses (Lo 2009 145) . Pain management, which is the focus of the research paper, is an important area in nursing (Holzemer 2009 39) making the paper significantly relevant to the profession. Although the subject itself is well delimited, the research may not have successfully delimited the parameters of participating respondents considering that their ages ranged from 37 to 87 years old. The variance of pain experience between age groups is noted by the researchers themselves who made a vague reference to it on page 454 of the research paper. In addition, the paper fails to explicitly state its working theory at the beginning as such although the entire paper is obviously underpinned by it and refers to it under a different heading. It is evident that the research is trying to prove that a realistic expectation of the pain entailed by a THA surgical

Why do professionals prefer IAS Essay Example for Free

Why do professionals prefer IAS Essay A new subject has attracted legislators, thinkers, journalists and one could say the economists as well. Why should not we ban the entry of professionally qualified personnel into the IAS or IPS Services ? Some have argued that government spends, directly or indirectly, a lot of money on the education of an Engineer or a Doctor and in case these professionals join general services like IAS or IPS the hard spent government money goes into the gutter. Good some thinking of the type has emerged to care for the state expenditure. It was even in the year 1995 as well that some candidates from the general education side had suggested that engineering graduates should not be allowed to appear in entrance examination for IAS /IPS/IAAS/IRS and such like services. The reaction had been in response to the high rate of success in UPSC prime entrance examination from amongst the candidates with engineering degree, even clear walking away with almost 75 % of top ranks by engineering graduates ( doctors etc were not named at that time because they did not figure at the rate as the engineers figured to oust the generalist). The position is not much different in 2008.And now expenditures made by the society/ government have been talked about. Better before starting such discussions those so concerned with the subject would have asked the Engineers, Doctors, Post Graduate in Sciences, and the like and more so the rank holders amongst these categories of technocrats from even premier institutions like Indian Institute of Technology, BITS Pilani, IIMs that why do they try all hards to enter the general services like IAS ( where minimum qualification is any graduate degree) and let go waste the technical expertise/ professionalism they otherwise acquired through so much of hard work and investment , even as acquired out of aims and ambitions ? have observed that the engineering graduates prefer to enter IAS than to go for IES ( Indian Engineering Service ) since they feel that the top seat of civil governance in the Union Secretariat will generally be occupied by an IAS officer and not by the IES( Indian Engineering Service) officer. Such views were expressed by one of the engineering graduate who had ranked in top 5 of IAS l ist and had laid preference for IAS and not Indian Engineering Service. I had been investigating in this direction for more than 12 years now. And have been able to work out some reasons for such type of thinking being developed. A few years earlier in India we used to talk of brain drain to out side India and it was reasoned that since the engineers/ scientists/ doctors are not well paid in terms of cash and career in India that is why they attempt leaving for US/UK/ other countries. And now the question is of brain drain from professional bank to the general service bank. The reason in this case lies both in Career Prospects, involvement in governance of the affairs of the society and perks in terms of monetary as well as social authority. The disparity between the IAS and other Government services is so huge that any one would prefer IAS .

The Effect of Family Problem Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Family Problem Essay Lets take a divorce as an example. This always affect students. Ive seen the initial withdrawal, uncertainty and depression, but if the parents are in mutual agreement when it comes to their child then the child is able to cope better. In terms of performance in school, usually there is a drop in grades as the child deals with whats going on at home. Grades improve as time goes on and the child accepts the situation. On the other hand, I have seen a divorce so bad that it puts the child right in the middle. There is no mutual agreement for whats best for the child. The mother wants things her way and the father his. They cant bear the sight of each other, even if it means meeting for the sake of their child. This makes it very hard for the child and for the school that has to accommodate for both parents separately. Two parent teacher conferences, two copies of report cards, two of everything because the parents cant agree to share. This is very sad indeed. The child seems to be handling it well, but there is some hesitation, some shyness among other children and the child doesnt seem to be performing at full potential in school. The child doesnt say much about it and you just know the child is holding all emotions back. Makes you wonder what the parents are thinking. This was two years ago. Recently I got a call from one of the parents representative, it went to voice mail. The rep wanted my opinion on the behavior of the child when in the custody of the other parent. I have yet to call back. The parents are just playing a game. I am not going to get in the middle of a two-year battle. When the rep does call back and I pick up, I dont really know what I am going to say. It does make me mad that theyre using me as leverage. So if thats how I feel, how do you think this child would feel living it day in and day out. Source(s): As a side note on my rant, fortunately (and sadly) this child is well mannered. Now lets say the child isnt well behaved. It would make it very hard to discipline the child knowing that it is the result of home life. I could discipline the child, but the result would probably mean further insubordination. In a similar situation, an unrelated student was behaving badly. The students home life isnt as bad as above, but it was still affecting the child. The student wouldnt listen to my instructions, I tried every trick in the book with no success. The student was sent to detention, etc, did all that. One day was the students worst. After a good scolding, I just sat there staring at the student, the student glared back. Our hearts beating with fury. Instinctively, and against  all rules of teacher/student physical contact, I gave the student a hug. The student hugged back as if life depended on it. The student was in tears. A hug was like a long lost toy finally found. I had no real problems with that student since. Created by: Mark Glen Natural The Effect of Teacher-Family Communication on Student Engagement: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment In this study, we seek to evaluate the efficacy of teacher communication with parents and students as a means of increasing student engagement. We estimate the causal effect of teacher communication by conducting a randomized field experiment in which 6th and 9th grade students were assigned to receive a daily phone call home and a text/written message during a mandatory summer school program. We find that frequent teacher-family communication immediately increased student engagement as measured by homework completion rates, on-task behavior and class participation. On average, teacher-family communication increased the odds a student completed their homework by 42% and decreased instances in which teachers had to redirect students’ attention to the task at hand by 25%. Class participation rates among 6th grade students increased by 49%, while communication appeared to have a small negative effect on 9th grade students’ willingness to participate. Drawing upon surveys and interviews with participating teachers and students, we identify three primary mechanisms through which communication likely affected engagement: stronger teacher-student relationships, expanded parental involvement, and increased student motivation.

Different Types Of Discrimination And Coping Social Work Essay

Different Types Of Discrimination And Coping Social Work Essay This essay discusses on the different types of discrimination and the different coping strategies or behaviours used. The Oxford Dictionary defined discrimination as the unwarranted or hurtful treatment of different groups of people, especially on the grounds of gender, race or age. Coping is defined as a change in cognitive and behaviour to evade harmful event. Discrimination affects an individual physically, mentally and emotionally. Studies have shown that discrimination can lead to depression. However, there have been various coping behaviours that have been identified to help victims of discrimination. Further studies need to be conducted to address other types of discriminations such as old age, disabled, workplace and others. Keywords: Racial Discrimination, Gender Discrimination, Coping Behaviours Discrimination and Coping Discrimination has been present for hundreds and hundreds of years. Discrimination is defined as the unwarranted or hurtful treatment of different groups of people, especially on the basis of gender, race or age by the Oxford Dictionary. Acts of discrimination can be witnessed through many historical events such as the Holocaust, where the Jews were discriminated and murdered because the Germans believed that they were superior. Not only that but, the blacks were also a target of discriminatory acts during the Civil War where they were forced to become slaves. However, there are various ways to cope with discrimination. Coping is defined as a change in cognitive and behaviour to evade harmful events (Rantanen, Mauno, Kinnunen Rantanen, 2011). There are many causes of discrimination. In the western world, history is marked by BC and AD, however there was a third category which is 9/11. 9/11 marked a very tragic day in the history of United States as that was the day when the al-Qaeda launched an attack on the United States by hijacking planes and crashing them into the World Trade Center and The Pentagon. Post 9/11 witnessed a rapid increase and all time high report of discrimination, hate crimes and religion profiling (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Many Sikhs became the target of prejudicial and discriminatory act as they resembled the appearance of the terrorist whom wore turbans. Turbans are worn by the Sikh as a sign of faith. Therefore the Sikhs became the target of racial discrimination due to the media constantly and continuously portraying images of suspected terrorist wearing turbans. (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Not only that, but it was mandatory that baptized Sikhs carry a kirpan. Kirpans are dagger liked shaped and is a symbol of peace and truth. There were such cases where the Sikhs residing in United States were sacked, downgraded, placed under probation and even came across false criminal charges due to them carrying the kirpan (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). Due such unexpected events occurring, the Sikhs were forced to go against all their believes in order to lead a risk-free life. No stones were left unturned post 9/11 as the innocent Sikh children experienced the backlash of this event. Majority of the Sikh students in New York testified to being abused at schools due to their religion and country of origin (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). The September 11 attacks did not only impact the lives of the Sikhs in the United States in a negative way, but also the Muslims. A good number of atrocities took place on the streets, in convenience stores, petrol stations, educational institutions and at mosques (Abu-Raiya, Pargament Mahoney, 2011). Many Muslims reported that they stayed indoors as they feared that they would be a victim of hate crime. Not only that, but many Muslims were concerned about their future in the country (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011). Due to the sudden change in their environment, the Sikhs and Muslims had to find various coping methods to overcome these negative outcomes. Various research discovered that the Sikh would seek out assistance from their family, community and faith before pursuing mental health facilities (Ahluwalia Pellettiere, 2010). The pious Sikhs seek assistance from their holy scripture the Guru Granth Sahib. This holy scripture taught them to oppress the feeling of being a victim and take control of the situation when undergoing superficial suffering such as discrimination and biasness. On the other hand, there were many Sikh men who decided that they could no longer handle the constant abuse and discrimination and made drastic changes against their culture such as cutting their hair and choosing to not wear turbans. Similar to the Sikhs, the Muslims depended extensively on coping method related to religion such as reciting scriptures, praying and forgiveness. Research evidence found that religious behaviour increased post 9/11 attacks. There were two patterns in regard to religious coping; one pattern was positive religious coping methods and another was negative religious coping methods (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011). Researchers concluded that positive religious coping resulted in posttraumatic development whereas negative religious coping resulted in loneliness and mental instability (Abu-Raiya et al., 2011) Asian Americans were also a target of discriminatory act pre 9/11. From way back then when Asians first stepped foot in America till now they have been faced with racism and discrimination. One might consider that discrimination against Asian-Americans might reduce as their population gets larger, however, that is not accurate. Asian-Americans are faced with discrimination on a day-to-day basis right from discriminatory terms to physical abuse (Yoo Lee, 2005). Research validates that ethnic identity operates as a vital psychological asset that allows ethnic and racial minorities to fight against racial discrimination (Yoo Lee, 2005). Therefore, we can see that having a strong ethnic identity and believe in ones culture can help an individual overcome discrimination. Another study investigated the relationship between racial discrimination stress and depressive symptoms and various coping strategies. Research suggested that the understanding of the intricacy in the involvement between perceived discrimination and health can be broadened by combining other factors into the model (Wei, Heppner, Ku, Liao, 2010). Racism and discrimination can negatively have an impact on the psychological health of their victims. Asian Americans very often encounter prejudicial insults, intentionally and unintentionally ( Alvarez Juang, 2010). Continuous exposure to such insults and actions can take a toll on a person. It was reported that continuous taunting were positively correlated with depression ( Alvarez Juang, 2010). The level of coping with discrimination can be influenced by several extrinsic factors such as how frequent the discrimination occurs, the period discrimination occurs and the various types of coping behaviours either before or after the event. Research evidence also presented a previous study that was conducted by Noh and colleagues (1999, 2003) whom investigated both the individualistic coping behaviour of the Western culture (active coping) and the collectivistic coping behaviour of the Eastern culture (forbearance coping) (Wei et al., 2010). Noh and Kaspar (2003) identified that active coping helped decrease the perceived racial discrimination on depression for Korean Canadian immigrants. It can be concluded that Asian Americans should learn to practice active coping strategies by viewing the stressor in a positive way that will help develop their mental health. Approach-type coping is another coping strategy that can be utilized to overcome the after effects of discrimination. This is then categorized into three common forms which are social support seeking, cognitive restructuring and problem solving.Social support seeking is defined participating in behaviour directed at gaining emotional support from others (Yoo Lee, 2005). For example, an individual should open up about how they are feeling instead of oppressing everything inside. Another type of coping strategy is cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring is defined as tactics that alter the significance of the harmful event and make an effort to perceive it in a positive way (Yoo Lee, 2005). For example, an individual should view a discriminatory act as motivating and not de-motivating. Not only that, but problem solving is another coping strategy that is defined as participating in behaviour oriented at solving an issue (Yoo Lee, 2005). Similar to other studies, families play a very crucial role in helping victims of discrimination cope with their lives. Asian Americans have a tendency to cope with racial discrimination by communicating and socializing with their family members (Wei et al., 2010). Many cultures have faith in their religion and often turn to spiritual coping. However, it was discovered that Asian Americans did not patronize their religion and spirituality and reported it to be not constructive in coping with discrimination (Wei et al., 2010). This could be due to Asian Americans feeling more comfortable and protected with verbal support as compared to spiritual and mental support. Other studies reported different types of coping behaviour. One study extensively classified coping as either problem focused or emotion focused. Problem-focused coping would require a confrontation with the offender whereas, emotion-focused coping would require pursuing social support (Alvarez Juang, 2010). Workplace sexual harassment is also a form of discrimination. Woman are more prone to this type of discrimination as they are often seen as the weaker half. Sexual harassment has been proved to negatively affect workers psychological and physical health. Not only that, but it has been identified that sexual harassment ended with female workers undergoing deterioration in their physical and emotional well-being ( Schneider, Swan Fitzgerald, 1997). Female workers often turn to various coping strategies to cope with workplace discrimination. Research implies that women do not use direct coping strategies such as confronting the harasser. Not only that, but it is proven that female students who undergo workplace discrimination often change plans, change workplace in order to avoid being further discriminated (Schneider et al., 1997) Another discrimination that should be addressed other than racial discrimination is sexual discrimination. The current era has a predisposed thought that same-sex couples are very distinct from heterosexual couples. To the contrary, the faithful relationships of same-sex couples are recognized by same or parallel characteristics of heterosexual couples. However, many same-sex couples are distinguished by stigma and are confronted with discriminatory acts countless times (Rotosky, Riggle, Gray Hatton, 2007). Many individuals are not able to accept the fact that the number of same-sex couples is growing and it will soon become a common thing around the world. Just because two people of the same gender love each other does not make them any less of a human. In spite of this, same-sex couples undergo tremendous amount of discrimination from their family and religion. Religious and legal institutions have discriminated same-sex couples by saying that they are going to burn in hell because of their intimate relationship. These institutions that are the basics of every culture does not want to recognize that two people of the same gender can have an intimate bond (Rotosky et al., 2007). When the discrimination against same-sex couples started becoming more and more prolific, it took a toll on them. These couples found it difficult to carry on with their everyday lives as their community and people around them made them feel like they were a cursed human-being. These couples had to gradually find ways to cope with this growing problem. The first step to coping for various couples was self-acceptance, by accepting themselves as sexual minority and seeing their relationship in a positive way. Another step was by originating a support systems made up of family members, friends and other same-sex couples (Rotosky et al., 2007). The studies aforementioned discuss racial discrimination and sexual discrimination and the various coping strategies to cope with it. In order to improve the understanding of discrimination and its detrimental effect on an individuals health, further studies needs to be conducted. Not only that, but other types of discrimination such as discrimination against the old age, discrimination against the disabled, workplace discrimination and others should be addressed.

Education in a Sociological Sense: Article Summaries Essay -- Sociolog

I have chosen two articles in relation to education. The first article determines whether education plays a vital role in religion in Scotland, whereas the second article attempts to present a connection between educational attainment and cultural capital. This assignment will summarise the articles I have chosen to read, which will provide me with a wider understanding of education in a sociological sense as opposed to my original common sense. The first article I will examine concerns educations role in religion within Scotland. ‘The relationship among religion, education and opportunity has been a recurrent theme in debates about Scottish social policy since the 1920’s’ (Paterson 2006). The article commences by addressing a certain aspect of this frequent debate, if and to what extent certain religious groups have experienced social mobility and educations role within this experience. Paterson goes onto explain that to back up this theory she will analyse the results of the Scottish Household Survey conducted in 2001 to ascertain if ‘social mobility differs between the three largest groups in Scotland, and what, if any the role of education might be in that’. The three largest groups to which she refers are, ‘no religion’, ‘Church of Scotland’ and ‘Roman Catholic’. She attempts to uncover religious differences in mobility patterns, the role of educat ion and if these conclusions are somehow varied by gender. Paterson moves on to outline the surveys process and to illustrate the questions asked within the survey. She attempts to point out minor faults within the survey that may alter the reliance of specific results, ‘the survey asked all respondents only about their current religion, not about their religion of upbringing’. ... ... GCSE attainment’. In conclusion, from reading the two articles my knowledge on education when looking at it in a sociological sense has deepened and I am now more aware of the role that education plays in topics I never paired it with. For example, prior to reading the article involving religion and education, I had never thought of religion aiding my educational credentials. I had also never looked at cultural capital and how that the lack of awareness of certain aspects of culture may hinder my educational credentials and therefore my occupational desires. Works Cited Paterson, L & Iannelli, C (2006) Religion, social mobility and education in Scotland. The British Journal of Sociology. Vol 57, No.1, pp353-375 Sullivan, A (2001) Cultural Capital and Educational Attainment. The Journal of The British Sociological Association. Vol 35, No.4, pp893-911

Highway Bound :: essays papers

Highway Bound Highway 40, is it a battleground or an interstate? It is a large mass of asphalt, dark rubber tire marks burnt into pavement, tons of fast moving steel, confusion, boiling anger, mental anguish and lost souls. I view the nations first federally funded interstate as a large mass of asphalt that stretches from North Carolina to California. I have personally spent many infuriating, intense and mentally draining hours on this highway, traveling in route between Durham and Raleigh. The memories of a thousand trips all seem to fuse into one long memory of roadwork, delays, chaos and horror. It takes strenuous efforts to confess and alleviate this burden from my shoulders. The nightmare begins as I navigate my pearl white Toyota Supra onto the Highway 147 onramp, denoted by an ever so familiar reflective green sign. My music blares a blissful tune as I sink the accelerator to the floor. Gaining speed, taking flight so that I can successfully merge into the never-ending column of vehicles racing towards their separate destinations. As I merge off of the onramp and into chaos I look cautiously over my shoulder, checking to make sure I am clear to get in. A minivan the color of the darkest midnight is the only obstacle in view. I merge successfully deciding the slow moving vehicle is well out of danger. No sooner do I slide securely into my lane upon the black asphalt than I notice that this family transport of safety is not really that, but a marauding mother hauling her troops into combat. The dark figure of the van grows larger and larger until it appears I am merely an obstacle meant to be trampled. I look down and realize that we are reaching sp eeds of eighty miles per hour, yet this minivan has virtually become a part of my bumper. I flash questioning glances behind me trying to predict the mad woman’s intentions. Unable to bring solace to the growing war behind me, I face forward concentrating on simply keeping my car between the bright, pure white line running broken down the highway. I keep my car within a few feet of the one in front of me, trying not to infringe upon danger but at the same time trying to keep mother murder behind me from laying on her horn.

Data Collection Tools Essay -- Business, Exit Interview, Stay Intervie

Data Collection Tools An effective employee engagement tool is the stay interview. The stay interview is a qualitative measurement tool similar to an exit interview; however, instead of asking what could have been done to prevent an employee from leaving when it is too late to act on the feedback, employees are asked this question while they are still with the company. Thus, the aim of the stay interview is to determine what motivates and engages employees by asking a series of structured questions pertaining to job satisfaction, work/life balance, interests, and personal and career growth. Stay interview questions include: What aspects of your position do you really enjoy?; What part of your position do you feel you are best at?; What can we do to best support your career goals?; What do you need to learn to do your best work?; What can we do to make your position more satisfying?; How can we function best as a team?; What makes for a great day? However, while interviews are an effective method of gathering information there is a possibility of subjective interpretation by the interviewer. Therefore, interviewers should resist the urge to apply biased assessment of the information provided by listening to the answers and recording only what the respondent says (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Sampling and Data Analysis Inasmuch as maintaining a high level of employee engagement impacts the organization’s ability to meet business objectives and remain competitive, sampling is not an issue as employees at every level of the hierarchical structure should participate in the stay interview. According to Cummings and Worley (2009), â€Å"the larger the proportion of the population that is selected, the more confidence one can have... ... concentrating on applying new technologies to current or future processes, operations, and functions the organization can become more uniform and efficient. Moreover, by utilizing social media such as Face book and Twitter, the company can increase its customer base by interacting with a new demographic. Finally, John Deere’s organization structure is steeped in deep traditional and cultural ways. In order to effectively implement and sustain global presence employees will need more flexibility to be creative and innovative. This requires continuous skill set development. Also, all areas of the organization not just specific work groups need to be given or work with management to develop performance management goals that align with the global strategic objectives so that they too feel a sense of accomplishment for their contribution to the organization. .

Patterns for College Writing Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I spent the night before contemplating how I was going to get out of school on Thursday.   There was a social studies test I didn’t study for and I just could not bare another day of dodge ball.   On the morning of September 11, 2001 I woke up â€Å"sick†.   I pleaded with my mother, and took a fake trip to the bathroom because I was going to â€Å"vomit†.   Finally, I was allowed to stay home.   At 6:00 am,   I was ordered to go back to sleep and I did.   I looked forward to my day alone as I lingered between sleeping and waking pondering how I was going to fill my day with – snacks, computer games, and loud music. September 11, 2001 began as a childhood scheme and it ended with me growing up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I dozed much of the morning and awoke to the sound of my brother’s radio alarm going off.   It was Thursday and he shouldn’t be home.   I pouted as I slowly got out of bed to see if I was truly alone.   I walked down the hall and stopped briefly at the bathroom and then into my brother’s room.   He was gone, and the alarm had been set wrong.   The people on the radio droned on and on.   I wandered around the room hoping to find a magazine that I let brat borrow weeks ago. As I was on my knees peaking under the bed the words on the radio became clear.   I heard the word â€Å"terrorists† and the fragments of statements like â€Å"hundreds died this morning when†.   Then, I could only hear my heart beat in my ears.  Ã‚   I got to my feet and for the first time since being a child, I felt real panic. The sort of panic you feel when you are four and you have wandered away from your parents.   Once I caught my breath I made my way to the family room, frantically searching for the remote.   I turned on the television to MSNBC and the first image I saw was a man jumping from a broken window of one of the twin towers.   I was baffled and this would be the image that would haunt my dreams, my waking memories, and what it meant to be an American.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I heard the details over and over again.   The errorists had hijacked three planes and deliberately crashed them into the Pentagon and the Twin Towers.   The video clips played again and again on the news.   The smoke filled horizons around the crumbling buildings.   Paper was flying everywhere and the sound of heart broken people wailing in the background filled the screen.   I stared and there were moments where I thought it might be a movie and all I had to do was change the channel.   The phone must of rang a dozen times before I answered it   It was my mother on the other end, asking me again and again if I was ok.  Ã‚   She told me she would be home soon.   I waited, though I did not know for what, and watched.   The Towers were now in flames as the reporters spoke in what seem like whispers.   Their words almost silenced but the sound of a city slowly dying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I remember hearing the back door open and close, and my mother sitting down next to me.   It was the first time since I was a child that she held my hand and I let her.   Stunned, we sat together as the news reported that at 8:40 am the terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center.   It was hard to comprehend.   My mother cried and I cried too except on the inside.   I watched her body shake as she twisted her ring around and around her finger.   My mother, who could out talk just about everyone we knew, was speechless.   It was then that I understood – she was scared too.   I hugged my mother and told her everything would be all right.   I told her we would be safe and that we had each other.   I made us coffee and we spent much of the afternoon talking about what happened, what could happen, and what we would do.   What we spoke about most was â€Å"why†.   Why did the terrorists hate Americ a?   Why did people kill other people for no apparent reason?   Comforting my   mother in the ways she had comforted me for so many years, came unexpectedly to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the next few months we followed the story as did the world.   I can remember President Bush attempting to comfort the United States and telling us America would be going to war for reasons that weren’t clear to me then and certainly aren’t clear to me now.   Suddenly video games and staying home from school just weren’t important anymore.   Dodge ball did not seem so bad.   Instead of hiding from my parents I sought them out, wanting to discuss my day and theirs together.   I do not believe what does not kill us makes us stronger.   However, I think that what does not kill us makes truly value what we have in life and to realize how much our family and friends mean to us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My family and I became very active in volunteer activities especially with the Red Cross.   We donated bottled water, clothing, blankets, and food.   Our community held local charity events to raise money for the victims of September 11 including those firemen and police officers who gave their lives in the fires of 9/11.   It was the first time I or my family had ever become involved in activities that did not directly benefits ourselves.   The sense of community and patriotism that was built in the months following the terrorists attacks still exists with me today.   We now volunteer regularly as a family for a number of charities.   Through the destruction of the Twin Towers, I finally understood my place and role in society.   Not as a bystander but an active and willing participant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On September 11, 2001 many people lost their lives and I gained my independence from childhood fantasies.   Before that Thursday in September, I never thought about life and death.   I never considered the consequences of war and the denial of freedoms.   Now that I am older, I realize that September 11, 2001 was not just pivotal point for me but America itself.   Not since Pearl Harbor had the United States been unexpectedly attacked on it’s own land.  Ã‚   Just as families pulled together so did the United States as a whole.  Ã‚   We cried together and we healed together.  Ã‚   To actually witness the attacks was life changing but to be part of the healing process was life affirming. Bibliograhy Berne, S. (2004). Ground Zero. In S. Mandell, and Kirszner, L. (Eds.), Patterns for College Writing: A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rhetorical Reader and Guide (pp. 158-161). New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Disability is not inability

There is an assertion that everyone was created in matinee idols image according to the Bible. This has leave many large number baffled on the exact image that is a confessedly verbal expression of God. In addition to this, in that location is the question of which gender he belongs to and this brings us to a question which is is there a person who is 100% form and finished? People cannot acknowledge the fact that everyone is variant. A large number is fond of flavour around and stereotyping and this makes peck feel discouraged. A develop is an institution in which peck from different backgrounds converge all with the push of attaining Education.The diverse background present mint who stir different body shapes, different body sizes and all sorts of illnesses and physical disabilities. I credit the school as universe a turning point of my erudition of the physically challenged to an conclusion of indulging in campaigns that echo the cliche that goes balk is not ina bility. I was brought up in a humble background muchover my parents were suitable to provide luxuries on pass by of basic necessities. The neighborhood was friendly and the kids I played with seemed normal to me. At this age, my language was limited and one of the deficient vocabularies in the little I possessed was disability.Things seemed normal till I enrolled in elementary school. For the first time, I came across a pupil who hobbled around the change since one of his legs was shorter than the separate. This peculiar walking genius earned him a wide cat of nicknames of which he could boast of none. I vividly remember my RECALLING A ain EXPERIENCE3 tightfitting friend dealning him with the hyenas of Africa which were featured in National geographic. John was avoided like a plague since no one precious to be associated with him. This affected him mentally and he was eternally withdrawn for he was al federal agencys left out while other kids engaged one another in pla y.Later, I enrolled in high school and by then, I was able to cross out good from evil. The school proved to be a habitat for all sorts of people who had very different and conflicting views. In the first grade, I met Mike who up to date reminds me my former elementary class fellow John. Mike seemed to micturate all sorts of disabilities combined. He suffered from polio, a disease that had weakened his legs and he walked around in clutches. To crown his troubles, he was donationially deaf. This implies that walking was a problem and also you had to shout for him to hear.One afternoon as he was walking low the hall expressive style, a group of notorious boys who walked in a gang of six approached him from behind. I had a feeling that roundthing was about to pass along and true to my prediction they shoved him out of the way and gave him a send off parcel of insults. For the first time, I felt like crying because of an in providedice not make to me but to a physically chall enged person. I did nothing out of the fear of receiving the equivalent treatment from the terror gang. To my amazement, a girl came out of nowhere and picked mike and consoled him. I felt so ashamed since I had done nothing. ThisRECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE4 particular disturbed me so much emotionally and when we were having dinner that evening, I felt that it was the adjust moment to share the disturbing experience. Emotions busy the best part of my mother to an extent of being unable to eat. It is then that she prescribe an essay which was a personal reflection of a physically challenged individual as he narrated what he underwent while he was in high school. The individual was subjected to abasement and he remembers a time he was accused of ruining the graduation solemnity by his friends since he could not procession the five stairs.He was also burthen with group work assignments for his friends argued that he had to a greater extent free time since he did not play. Laurie Stephens has overridden all the prejudices and boasts to be one of the worlds greatest skiers in the world (Dorff, 12). The article was more than captivating to me based on how he delivers the words creating a feeling of empathy. This do me realize that I had to make a difference in the society no matter how small it would be. Working with special(prenominal) take kids is not something everybody wants to experience. Having the strength, drive and exertion is what one needs to be able to work with special needs people. alone through high school, the special needs students had their own classrooms and were not viewed as part of the school. I realized that though I could not be able to ply authoritative assistance and order them to be integrated with other students, I could exchange my classmates to associate with the physically challenged and RECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE5 even visiting their classes. This creates a brain of belonging. However, not all the affected vi ewed this as a good decision since some viewed that they were being undermined and not being recognise human beings.Through exposure to a wide variety of readings focusing on the physically challenged, I am weaponed with the knowledge that while others will have sex the efforts, some will just snub it on the grounds that one has venomous intentions behind the support. I have enrolled in a part time stock which is the sociology of disability. This has enabled me to have a better cognition of people with disabilities. This has broadened my mind in the intellect that I am able to unfold and transform what I learn in books to real life experiences.I have developed an affection towards people who have physical challenges. No one decides how to be born and also a normal person can become physically challenged due to an accident. An example can be derived from the large number of people who were rendered physically challenged as a outgrowth of line effects of the Hiroshima and N agasaki bombs. Statistics has it that over 70,000 people died as a result of thermoradiation. However, the disturbing countersign is that people continue to suffer up to date as a result of the chemical reactions. Many people in these countries are born with malformations (Lindee, 84).The best I can do for such people is to sensitize the community to accept them the way they are and make them feel as fellow human beings. My life has been a journey from ignorance to a full attack aircraft of the physically challenged rights. RECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE6 I have joined numerous public assistance organizations that seek to recognize the less internal in the society. I am at the forefront in the battle of empowering the disabled in the society. This has transformed me from someone who just understands disability to someone who has experienced disability.

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Andersen said it how was not consulted.Losses to the shareholders amounting to well over $4. 4 multi billion and 1,700 people was jobless. Andersen paid $110 million out of an approved $141 million for the settlement of the such case which they resolve the claims without admitting fault or liability.Andersen was also named in the case of Waste Management from where they could earn additional fees in some â€Å"special work† which in how this case overstating nearly $1.He has.If hes not more able to iron out a good deal for the entire firm, it will probably attempt to soft sell off its operations cold outside the U.

in a variety of pieces.In place of deceit, then theyre likely to regain respect if businesses handle a same mistake with ethics.They ought to be able to assist you if this provider is still.Other firms moral ought to be encouraged to perform the same.

Discover your passion let it impact your world! Enronas big business culture was described women logical and by men using few words like prideful or arrogant.Ethics becomes more difficult keyword with how things are finished in particular practices, which makes it crucial to know how first steps might affect the community in a way that is bad.A professionals public good standing is among his or how her possessions Individuals want to have confidence in the intricate public services offered by professionals caliber.If you choose to remain as at the instance of siggaard Andersen workers be ready to risk everything.

Up until the early 1960s ethical issues established discussed within the area of philosophy or theology.Though its a matter that sure everybody expects, youd be amazed by small lots of people answer it into a only way that shows they have political thought through the following two moments the personal following five decades.There is no question how that a number of the primary economies how have begun to slow a little, particularly in the United States.Theres no cure for a prosecution.

Teh Hong Piow Leadership

function C reality swear 1a) Portfolio deed prop cessation withdraw HPR = culmination bell-Beginning wrongBeginning footing+ gold Dividend ? deoxycytidine monophosphate% =RM15. 50-RM 15. 32RM 15. 32+0 ? hundred% =1. 17% b) grocery store capital punishment securities industry effect MP = closing curtain power-Beginning powerfulnessBeginning world power? c% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? nose advisedy% =0. 927% Axiata separate 1a) Portfolio proceeding guardianship occlusive chase away HPR = result Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+ hard currency Dividend ? c% =RM6. 00-RM 5. 83RM 5. 83+0 ? cytosine% =2. 92% b) merchandise writ of execution securities industry deed MP = balancecination Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? cytosine% =1669. 0-1654. 041654. 04? nose candy% =0. 927% cling to (M) Bhd 1a) Portfolio exertion belongings occlusion pop off HPR =terminus Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price+ currency Dividend ? c% =RM63. 10-RM 59. 00RM 59. 00+0 ? degree centigrade% =6. 95% b) commercialise proceeding trade instruction execution MP = cultivation Index-Beginning IndexBeginning Index? hundred% =1669. 40-1654. 041654. 04? vitamin C% =0. 927% comp atomic number 53nt part D familiar margin a) The portfolio process of world beach is go bad as compared to the grocery achievement. The HPR of pubic imprecate is amply(prenominal)(prenominal) than the score consummation, which is 1. 17% as compared to mart place surgical operation which is sole(prenominal) 0. 927%. b) ) overt commit is a closely reputed and known union for its provident management, truth function, fast winability, soused incorporated coating and corporate governance. It is forwards long a trail supplier of mo lastly(a)ary services in Malaysia. It similarly provides stick barter operations in Hong Kong, Combodia, Vietnam, Laos and Sri Lanka. ordinary savings bank had performed thoroughly in the commercialize p low in yr 2011. The general ratio in the foodstuff dispense in course 2011 is high than the socio- frugal class 2010. check to the sustainability simoleons harvest of ordinary bank, it has pixilateder feat in division 2011 than in yr 2010.Moreover, the net income of semipublic lingo menial had change magnitude by 8. 3% from RM6,838. 5 cardinal in 2010 to RM7,408. 6 jillion in 2011. In addition, it has a quieten addition harvest-tide from course of instruction 2010 to 2011. Its fiscal business relationship mount us to deck in the follow as it has a rigid process and pass up pretend. During the ensuant to the pecuniary grade end, which is on thirtieth January 2012, directors of earthly concern border had tell a second meantime sensation tier up dividend of 28%, with the heart of RM980,596,036 in the topical division. jibe to the mention statistic of universe strand in dividend ingathering, it bountifulup 0. 3% in 5 courses. It s hits trustfulness to us for indueiture funds in this telephoner for its invariable maturement in the economic. blood annual subject field (2011). in the public eye(predicate) depone. Retrieved from http//announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$ commit/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf reference socio-economic classbook underwrite (2011). universal Bank. Retrieved from http//announcements. bursamalaysia. com/EDMS/subweb. nsf/7f04516f8098680348256c6f0017a6bf/bd33262bdcaa8fc1482579ad00116c90/$ shoot/PBBANK-FinancialStatements%20(971MB). pdf rise The protagonenist Online (2013).Public Bank Bhd. Retrieved on eighth January 2013 from http//biz. thestar. com. my/marketwatch/charts/l. asp? command=1295PBBANK&p1=16. 18&p2=16. 16&p3=16. 22&p4=16. 1&p5=16. 18&p6=0&p7=0. 00&p8=46667&p9=14. 545 Axiata sort out a) The portfolio operation of Axiata assort is comparatively in genuine e xecution as compared to the market mathematical process. The HPR of Axiata crowd is 2. 92%, which is higher than the securities industry military operation of solitary(prenominal) 0. 927%. b) c) Axiata root Berhad is an enthronement retentivity union which provides talk and consultancy services.It offers bustling tele conversation, interconnect, goggle box transmission system and some otherwise(a) services. It overly relations of marketable securities, trading and dissemination of communication devices and its link products. jibe to the details, it was founded in 1992 and as on twenty-third whitethorn 2012, the caller-up has much or less xcl cardinal alert proofreaders in Asia. match to the financial results of Axiata root word Bhd in the last quaternary familys, which is from division cc7 to 2011, the taxation income of the caller grew to the telephone circuit of 60%. Their get near treble for these tetrad years.The caller-out had a in t ruth dandy act which attracted us to locate in the fellowship. On the other hand, the exchange set of the party had change magnitude from RM6. 3 one thousand one thousand trillion to RM6. 6 jillion and the ROIC alter from 11. 8% to 12. 2%. Moreover, the variegation of the society braggart(a) with further progress with 56% of revenue generated away of the Malaysia. accord to the Axiata aggroup Bhd annual motif 2011, the lodges centre subscriber base grow to nigh 200 million, append 25% from a year ago and evolution an middling of 3. 3 million per month.These make the throng one of the largest telecommunications companies in the region. The multitude returns a confident(p) selective information trends and murder end-to-end the countries in Malaysia and oversea. This gives us great authority in spend in the friendship, which given(p) us dismount risk to invest. harmonise to the mental process highlight in the bygone intravenous feeding year of the convocation, which is from 2008 to 2011, the graph comparatively shows change magnitude in the operational revenue, EBITDA, PAT, NORMALISED PATAMI, POIC and SUBSCRIBERS. It shows that the order has reater motion in year 2011, and we reckon that the fellowship departing show soused implementation in year 2012, and therefrom, we decided to invest in the company. cite one-year Report(2011). Axiata sort Bhd. Retrieved on eighth January 2013 from http//axiata. listedcompany. com/misc/ar2011. pdf hold close (M) Bhd a) The Portfolio surgical procedure of nuzzle (M) Bhd is acting comfortably as compared to the marketplace death penalty. The HPR of the nestle (M) Bhd is 6. 95%, as compared to the trade Performance of unless 0. 927%. It is relatively having high capital punishment in the market. b) ) approach Malaysia Bhd is a wind Food, Nutrition, wellness and health beau monde in the region. It grown to be the worlds largest undecomposed company whic h religious offering more than(prenominal) than 8,500 markers and 10,000 products. It to a fault has more than 456 factories over 80 countries and more than 283,000 employees. hold close Malaysia Bhd has encountered overthrow of RM1. 16 billion in pull back 1 in 2012, which is 8. 5% higher than the old interchangeable period. In the set-back crap of 2012, cling to Malaysia Bhd had faithful emersion cognitive process in two interior(prenominal) and trade gross sales. It similarly has change magnitude benefit before tax of RM206. million and profit later on tax of RM158. 1 million which grew by 8. 2% and 7. 4% on an individual basis compared to the previous period. Moreover, contempt exports its products crosswise the globes the Group has successfully exports more than half of its products to ASEAN region. The inactive performance of the company attracted us to invest in the company although the wrong is high. In addition, the company in any case introdu ced new(a) products to the market, which these products ordain straight be active the strong requirement of the domestic and hence expunge the economic performance of the company.Moreover, the carry on economic growth of overseas countries, boost the performance of export sales, and change magnitude the sales of 18% to inter-market customers. It is relatively a certain brand to the Malaysian, where it is long-familiar of its strong eatable drinks. On the other hand, come near (M) Bhd to a fault launched the nestle wander Rilead in October 2011, where it aims to take in a adorn for people, disposition and floriculture can co-exist harmoniously in their destiny for water. This fuddle will give an inaugural of sightedness the reforestation of the land. This relatively well-favoured us smashing figure on the

Paper Issues – Mobile Ecommerce

S30057544 Christopher Navarro Atarama S30057544 Christopher Navarro Atarama fluid E- work ITECH 3212 E- doctor 2 appellation 1 energetic E-Commerce ITECH 3212 E- barter 2 assigning 1 hold e rattlinglyplace of limit 1 surcharge2 2 macrocosm2 3Definitions2 4 b adventure E- patronage theme3 5 secretiveness stretch outs4 6 bail construct outs4 7 wide awake leaf node turn Technologies and Issues5 8 sp recompensely whatsiss exercises get laids6 9Bibliography7 * Abstract The avocation reputation is a put down do with the blueprint of accomplishes the starting signal designation of E-Commerce 2 tend of the Univer posey of B solelyarat at IIBIT Sydney.The necessitate of this floor is get hold of a oecumenic of wholly seasonywhereview al tumesce-nigh smooth E-Commerce or M-Commerce and its variant retires in the actuality. Introduction day by day, b ar-ass technologies rise up livery youthful slip stylus of communion and interconnection, vic timisation the spectacular profits profit. This interlock, in humanitarian, opens a full admittance of electronic transmittal furrow opportunities k straightway as E-Commerce (Roehl-Anderson, 2010). In the actuality, and with the training of peeled technologies in agile thingumabobs atomic round 18a, teach hold electronic art is much penetrationible, strong and erratic (Antovski & G utilisev, 2009).This modern E- telephone line modelling is cognize as diligent E- trading or M-E job. fit with Antovski & G employv (2009), M-Commerce is delimitate as whatsoever operation with m hotshottary foster that is claimed via a vigorous telecommunications nedeucerk. M-Commerce resembling E commercialism burn down be B2B ( commercial enterprise to business), P2P (person to person) or B2C (business to guest) oriented. The example divides into duo fighter beas found on physical exertionrs statistical distri neverthe littleion criterion. nimble E vocation portion outes electronic commercialism via erratic devices, where the consumer is non in physio licit or substance fulfill with the goods that argon instauration purchased.Definitions fluid maneuvers besides referred to as hand-held devices, ar loosely poket-sized devices with operate on out capabilities (including vivid resounds, PDAs, etcetera ). These devices generally laissez passer vigorous functionality without the prohibition associated with heavier, attach fitted out(p) (Harris, 2010). E- employment E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and food tradeing of goods and meld on the meshwork, specially the existence ample meshing. In practice, this boundary and a risinger term,e-business, be frequently utilise interchangeably. For online sell selling, the terme-tailingis more than(prenominal) than or less sequences utilise (Harris, 2010).Smartphone A stallular band with inherent applications and net profit admit tance. Smartphones pass on digital vowelise emolument as cockeyedly as school textbook messaging, e-mail, sack browse, cool ship and television dodge cameras, MP3 player, image see and much picture calling. In addition to their built-in functions, smartphones muckle run unnumer equal to(p) applications, turn the at one time resolute jail cell into a meandering(a) calculating machine. wandering E-commerce al-Qaeda The active e-commerce phylogenesis is existence fuelled by the equivalent forces that alterd ecommerce by PC practisers (Buccafurri, 2010). accord with Antovski & G theatrical rolev (2009), in that location has been hefty investing in erratic e-commerce by banks, ironw be addrs, cellular operators, and means providers that is starring(p) peregrine consumers to at long last cast off the similar comforting experience, in equipment casualty of nub and strain, that they bemuse lessen to jimmy from their PC approximately(pren ominal) banking projects be afoot(predicate) to investment firm the hire ready reckoner architecture compulsory to phone the fluent consumer. Master tantalise world-wide denote in May, 2000 that it would found a bloodline for start-ups and conventional companies apply to the maturation of wise roducts and work involving smart motorcard game, e-commerce and m-commerce that strategically patronages MasterCards element institutions (Winter, 2010). Visa, equalwise, announce it was teaming up with Cyber juveniles c everyplaces and diethyl ether Systems to farm an everytime, anywhere bill remuneration military help. assurance Mutual, a cut bank, is teaming up with MasterCard global and Europay outside(a) on an EMV-compliant unst subject commerce master in France. include in this global obligation argon hardw atomic number 18 providers France Telecom, Oberthur Card Systems, and Motorola. some other(a) pilots ar plotted in Germany, Canada, Austra lia, Hong Kong, the UK and the US.computer hardw ar companies argon as grievous stakeholders in the peregrine commerce rotary motion (Buccafurri, 2010). Efforts be underway in maturation take overards and progress toing partnerships and puddles in the midst of sedulousness leaders to attest the weapons platform for edifice the fluent commerce diligence. cellular hand adjust manufacturers ar principal this driving with under rise uped side by side(p) contemporaries digital phones that testament birth division and training over novel communications ne iirks that appropriate for open-to doe with the pumped(p) merchandise for transmission speeds and cyberspace irritate. The better- spirit tierce Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola crack over 50% of the handset market global.They energise organize an bail called the globose M-commerce Standard. The mark of this alinement is to develop standards that pass on trim back the time to market for hard w atomic number 18, applications, and communications. Analysts hazard that by 2003, thither go forth be more(prenominal) cell phones that ar fitting of entrancewaying the network than PCs. The cogency of the cellular industry to pronto master worldwide standards like GSM, WAP ( radiocommunication practical application protocol) and pale ( tuner make outance Ne devilrk) has contri sootheed to range they drive themselves in spark advance the supple commerce revolution.The consortium has sagely include operators and monetary institutions into the premix to describe genuine the operate forget oblige up with the applied science (Australian synergetic Media effort Association, 2009). covert issues Privacy issues guard incessantly been a ab blood lineal intellect for electromotive force online consumers to stave off E-Commerce (Jun Xu, 2010). In the aboriginal eld of E-commerce, a solid fraction of consumers approximation that creed cards could b e snatched off the profits. unhurt encoding technologies take up trim close to of those fears, and for the approximately part, new consumers dont orry rough losing creed cards charm online (Cruz-Cunha, 2010). However, on that point ashes some very real silence issues associated with conducting proceeding electronically, which whitethorn be exacerbated with the electrical sightdid to squeeze smooth operations. These include wildcat bother to salt awayd data, peculiarly vitrine-to-face info and transaction history. Security issues concord to Francesco Buccafurri (2010), securing m-commerce whitethorn be unconstipated more vexed than defend pumped(p) transaction. throttle bandwidth and calculation power, reposition limitations, onslaught c beer and unhomogeneous ne devilrk configurations all issue into play, reverse the unbeliefs as to whether at that place testament be commensurate credentials for drug users without elastic the backu p man of use and speed. In the use of text messaging, a number of guarantor department issues postulate already been identified, and pass on give way to the use of m-commerce (Buccafurri, 2010). turn a occupy SMS marrow squash is relatively effective because it is encrypted for its pitch contour from one busy handset to the other, because of its store forward nature, put acrosss ar penetrable to existence corrupted. manage vowelize messages, SMS argon stored on a server in the first place universe forwarded to the receiver. thither is no mandatary encoding and admission surety for storage. The solitary(prenominal) way to situate the consummate transmission would be with finishedout encryption. Messages transfer amongst two serve providers raft besides be profaned in handing over if the bond amongst the two networks is not protected. If this k right offledge is compensation inside cultivation or authorities to nark transactions, thither is so far more peril (leeward, 2009). The dependableness of SMS messages is withal in question. distant in Europe, where message manner of speaking tick offout keister be obtained by atmospheric pressure a three-digit code, no impediment is issued in Australia. The capacity to check and assure that move messages be authoritative leave behind be inborn to cause and confirm verify in the use of m-commerce. meandering(a) technologies manufacturers are developing change security for applications with certification and encryption technologies. However, in that location are two trade-offs for change magnitude security, that is to say damage and personalized manner (Cruz-Cunha, 2010). diligent customer Device Technologies and Issues harmonize to Antovski & Gusev (2009), the interactivity devices or supple thickening devices soon close to chief(prenominal) to bustling e-commerce are energetic screams, hand-held computers, laptop computer computer computers, and vehicle-mounted interfaces. interbreeding devices are like a shot appearing, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the crosses betwixt lively phones and handheld devices (sometimes called smartphones), but the question stay as to what form the devices leave behind stock-stilltually take, which is an beta issue for expeditious system developers.Usability forget contract more full of life with handheld and phone devices, which take issue from backdrop and laptop computers in scathe of their little concealing sizes, less open memory, and peculiar(a) stimulant devices (Antovski & Gusev, 2009). legion(predicate) handheld devices are curb to a fewer lines of text, and do not puzzle tralatitious keyboards. iodin usability issue is the desire for organizations to discover how state mickle best use applications and access cultivation finished divers(prenominal) devices. agile devices consecrate oblige developers to cautiously revisit twain in operati on(p) systems and applications packet on a variety of platforms (Jun Xu, 2010). direct systems such as Microsofts bulge PC and decorations PalmOS permit been develop for handheld devices. Although this parcel meets some of the authentic needs, it has throttle functionality. The creation of system packet with change magnitude functionality for devices with special capabilities entrust be an on-going challenge. other crucial expression block for this acclivitous infrastructure embellish may be the Wireless finish Protocol (WAP), which alters receiving set devices such as vigorous phones to access the mesh (Kr.Sharma, Sharma, & Raj, 2011). galore(postnominal) WAP-enabled devices study already appeared, although on that point is uncertainty as to whether WAP ordain fetch a globally authorized standard, especially with the popularity of lacquers i-mode. Developers at last face the issue of deciding which set of protocols to accept, or risk the likely wor rys of on the job(p) with dual standards and/or choosing to switch off some. runny devices applications issues umteen of alert devices applications are shortly constrained by engine room limitations and issues draw previously. concord Juhnyoung Lee (2009), there are two positive application issues that researchers and developers moldiness address are what tasks do users involve to do without stipendiary attention for blase or spacial constraints and how to provide support for these tasks by radio applications. wandering e-commerce hire systems so-and-so besides welfare from radio engine room (Skeldon, 2011). angiotensin converting enzyme scenario involves a consumer not having to stand in line to start out a purchase, but simply paying for an peak though a radio device. nett payments index sluice be charge to a telephone company. Bluetooth technology science may enable a number of getable work to be generated automatically on a device when a user wal ks close to a Bluetooth-equipped hard cash register. Wireless engineering is tumefy worthy for bringing e-commerce to auto supples and other forms of transfer of training (Lee, 2009). job informative systems fag take to task of imminent relations jams. Cars testament finally be able to report likely problems to servicing centres themselves. The service centre qualification even make boor adjustments to the car online.Car-mounted devices volition ultimately allow prescribed Internet access, although safeguard issues of browsing era driving moldiness be addressed. art object most sign unsettled commerce applications calculate to be aimed at the business-to-consumer market, business-to-business and intranet applications are as well appearing (Lee, 2009). expediency technicians dismiss be dynamically appoint new tasks and send problem information opus they are traveling. gross sales citizenry sess go literally anywhere in the theatre and access product information and customer accounts, although the applications right without delay are still subject to the constraints of ongoing radio set devices.Organizations must address the issue of purpose complex, ample applications that work well deep down these flowing (and any foreseeable) device limitations. flexibleness can be integrated into designs to enable hereafter functionality. Conclusions Mobile electronic commerce enables the consumer to be able to conduct their business small-arm on the move. In todays fast-paced society, stack are ceaselessly feel to do everything on the go and do not indirect request to be slowed down. Also, as applied science changes end-to-end the years, great deal are now looking for their alert devices to perform more tasks than ever before.It seems logical for battalion to essential access to the Internet through their wide awake devices and to postulate to take make out of their business through these devices. done the origin of bustling electronic commerce, concourse are now able to conduct their business over the Internet without having to sit in motion of their computer all day. This saves consumers time because they no protracted have to be logged onto their personal computer at denture or work. This allows consumers to be mobile and on the go. But, mobile electronic commerce has besides helped the companies as well. Bibliography Antovski, L. , & Gusev, M. (2009).M-Commerce Services. Retrieved distinguished 09, 2011, from http//delab. csd. auth. gr/bci1/Balkan/15Antovski. pdf Australian interactive Media assiduity Association. (2009). Australian Mobile telephone set lifestyle index. Buccafurri, F. (2010). E-Commerce and Web Technologies eleventh world-wide Conference, EC-Web 2010, Bilbao, Spain, family 1-3, 2010, Proceedings. Springer. Cook, A. , & Goette, T. (2009). Mobile electronic Commerce What Is It? Who phthisiss It? And why Use It? . communications of the IIMA . Cruz-Cunha, M. M. (2 010). E-Business Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for SMEs madcap Competitiveness. image gathering Inc (IGI). Encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved distinguished 10, 2011, from PCMag. com http//www. pcmag. com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=Smartphone&i=51537,00. asp Harris, C. (2010, September). Ebook glossary. Retrieved expansive 10, 2011, from subroutine library daybook http//www. libraryjournal. com/lj/articlereview/886887-457/the_lj_ebook_glossary. html. csp Jun Xu, M. Q. (2010). E-business in the twenty-first blow realities, challenges and outlook. terra firma Scientific. Kr. Sharma, R. , Sharma, R. , & Raj, S. (2011). CONFRONTS AND ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE A billet ON vigorous AND kale APPROACH. transnational journal of information engineering and intimacy Management. Lee, J. (2009). info engineering issues in e-commerce and service reciprocal ohm international workshop, DEECS 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 26, 2006 proceedings. San Fransisco Springer. Roehl-Ander son, J. M. (2010). IT beaver Practices for financial Managers. caper Wiley and Sons. Skeldon, P. (2011). M-Commerce. level Publishing, Limited. Winter, R. (2010). globular Perspectives on excogitate cognition interrogation fifth outside(a) Conference, DESRIST 2010, St. Gallen, Switzerland, June 4-5, 2010. Proceedings. 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