The Accomplishments Of Julius Caesar - 1290 Words

What was Julius and Augustus status as a soldier and their military accomplishments? How did they obtained their titles as dictators and emperors? Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus were both great military leaders, having many military accomplishments. Both worked hard to become the dictators and emperors they were. Julius Caesar started as a military tribune making ready to become a Consul. One of the world s most vital military pioneers was regularly acquainted with a senatorial, patrician family and was the nephew of another observed Roman general, Marius. Julius’ military accomplishments were that he was known never to have lost ever a single war. These were extraordinary triumphs that legitimated the consolidation the Gaul as part of the Roman Empire, increasing the geographical reaches of Rome to the Atlantic Ocean. The Roman invasion of Britain in 55 B.C. was moreover one of the genuine achievements of Julius Caesar Augustus’ military accomplishments were that he was part of Caesar’s military expedition to Spain to destroy the offspring of Pompey, his vanquished foe. They were endeavoring to carry on their father s rivalry with Caesar. Augustus was inspecting and engaging military planning in Apollonia, Illyria. Rejecting the urging of some of his officers to take refuge with the troops in Macedonia, he traveled to Italia to discover whether he had any potential political fortunes or security. Antony and Augustus then sent 28 armed forces by means of sea toShow MoreRelated Julius Caesar Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesgood king or ruler? Julius Caesar is one of the most famous rulers of all time. He was one of Rome’s greatest and most powerful leaders. His changes to the empire helped take Rome to new levels of success. The life of Caesar was short, yet great. It is important to learn about this great man and his many accomplishments. Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 13th, 100 B.C. to a poor, Patrician family in Rome (â€Å"Julius Caesar†; Gruen 12). For most of his young life, Caesar lived in an apartmentRead MoreJulius Caesar: Who Was He Really? Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Who was Julius Caesar? Julius Caesar accomplished many things in his day, which most would consider unbelievable. He has been considered a tyrant or dictator, and some believe he was one of the world’s greatest politician. In this paper we will compare the textbook and documentation that was written around 44 B.C.E the time of his death. The documents are considered to be â€Å"primary sources†, because of the timeframe in which they were written. To get a grasp on whom, Julius Caesar really was, weRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Julius Caesar and Augustus789 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Comparing Julius Caesar with Augustus Introduction. This paper offers background into the life and times of Julius Caesar and Augustus. It also compares and contrasts the two mens positions and accomplishments in the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar According to journalist N.S. Gill, writing in the New York Times affiliate publication, About.com, Julius Caesar was perhaps †¦the greatest man of all times. He was a general, a statesman, and he was adroit at mathematics; also he was a lawgiverRead MoreJulius Caesar, A Roman General, Dictator, And Leader797 Words   |  4 Pages Julius Caesar, a Roman general, dictator, and leader, is considered to be one of history s most influential and powerful rulers to this day, in which his rise to power, conquest of Europe, and controversial downfall all remain to be told during modern days. The play Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, portrays the events leading up to Julius Caesar’s assassination, and how those who conspired against him banded together and plotted Caesar’s demise. Many of those conspirators assassinatedRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthis accomplishment, he became famous and was named after his father, making him S cipio Africanus the Younger. After Rome was successful in the Punic wars it was looking to expand its Empire, however there were many other barbarians to defeat along their path to expansion. Rome needed a great general to take Gaul just north of Italy but it was filled with barbarians. There were three wealthy generals for Rome during that time Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Julius CaesarRead MoreJulius Caesar in Rome1222 Words   |  5 Pagesone to side against the upper class and change the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Around 100 BC, Aurelia and Gaius Caesar gave birth to a son by the name of Gaius Julius Caesar (McManus, n.d). He was born into a moral upper class family during the perilous times of Rome, when the city was not able to handle its own extent and authority. At the age of 18, Julius Caesar went on to marry Cornelia, who was the daughter of a popular faction (McManus, n.d.). Later on she went on to conceive theirRead MoreJulius Caesar Dbq Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesleaders in Roman history but none could match Julius Caesar[See Figure 1]. Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC in Rome and died March 15, 44 BC in Rome. Julius Caesar is best known for his military mind and how he laid the framework for the Roman Republic. One of the quotes he is famous for is I came, I saw, I conquered. Caesar has not just influenced Rome, he also influenced the world too. The Roman Calendar was rigged to help political purposes. Caesar devised a new Calendar called the JulianRead MoreMarc Antony 1183 Words   |  5 Pageswith Julius Caesar, was known as one of the people’s greatest leaders for being a warrior, being considerate, achieving great power and appointed a part of the government. Marc Antony is known as one of the people’s greatest leaders because he was a great warrior, was very considerate and was appointed into the government. Marc Antony was the greatest leader, who served with Julius Caesar because of all the accomplishments he achieved listed above. Another leader that served with Julius CaesarRead MoreComparing Julius Caesar s The Twelve Caesars 1729 Words   |  7 PagesJulius Caesar’s mindset influenced the history of his people. He was born July 12, 100 b.c in Rome as Gaius Julius Caesar, known today as Julius Caesar. He was a Praetor, Aedile, Consul, Pontifex Maximus, and dictator for life, and his greatest achievement is changing the Roman republic to the Roman empire. His life ended tragically when he was stabbed twenty three times by his political enemies. Creating the Roman empire changed the history of his people. The three main sources used in this essayRead MoreEssay on Compare/Contrast Julius Caesar to Alexander the Great1013 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander the Great and Julius Caesar. The turning points in history they were involved in were their individual conquests and their unfortunate deaths. Alexanders greatest victory was over the Persians; Caesars greatest victory was his defeat of Pompey. Their actions and beliefs had their influence on their society and society of today. Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar set the standard of what a leader should be. However, despite the two leader’s great accomplishments, Alexander the Great

The Choice Of Color For A Company s Management Board...

It is highly important to include in an advertisement the choice of color not only for advertising purposes but also for a company s management board decisions because colours are a highly and easily way of visual communication. In addition, colours are so important t for integrating marketing communication, because it helps in building a strong visual equity of consumers of a brand. On the other hand, due to the importance of colours from a human s perspective, it is mentioned in various fields, for example, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, neurology and marketing (Panigyrakis Kyrousi, 2015: 234). In any market, there is always an increase in the competition within it, however, the added value comes with the product or service inferentiality. A marketer always has an objective of grabbing consumer s attention and to evoke their emotions using the right tools Colours can be one of those tools that can be used in a different way as in pictures to deliver a certain message (Gorn, Chattopadhyay, YiDahl, 1997). An exploration is used when there is a lack of a clear idea of the problems that will occur during the study, therefore exploration help researchers to develop concepts more clearly, establish priorities, develop operational definitions, and improve the final research design. It saves time and money; it investigates new areas that a researcher (Cooper Schindler 2014). Exploratory research is informal and flexible when using small unreliable samples.Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Analysis At Creative Colors1622 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Analysis at Creative Colors Being hired by the owner of Creative Colors to give advice about how to proceed on cost implements for the owners business takes time and to do this one would need to; describe how one would go about analyzing the organizational hierarchy to make recommendations about which managerial positions should be cut. What organizational design principles will one consider in one’s analysis? How will one balance the need for the company to downsize with the understandingRead MoreWendys International, Inc.1409 Words   |  6 PagesWENDY S INTERNATIONAL, INC. As emphasized on its web site, Wendy s was founded on a motto of Quality, Service, Cleanliness, and Value. The company aims to follow that motto in all of its restaurants. 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Knight s involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1959, and was an MBA student at StanfordRead MoreThe Quality Of A Balance Scorecard1868 Words   |  8 PagesVeen-Dirks, placing performance measures into categories help the reader make decisions by being able to focus on individual areas rather than each individual measure to make an overall decision on the performance of the organization as a whol e. One good thing about an unformatted score card is users have to take time and energy to separate financial data from non-financial data. 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Knights involvement with a sporting goods company is not accidental. He has always loved running, was a miler in college and has participated in marathons since. Knight received a BBA in Accounting at the University of Oregon in 1959, and was an MB A student at Stanford

The 7 Key Differences Between Business-to-Business Free Essays

The 7 Key Differences Between business-to-business and consumer marketing by Robert W. Bly When asked if he could write an effective direct mail package on a complex electronic control system, a well-known direct response copywriter replied, â€Å"No problem. It doesn’t matter what the product is. We will write a custom essay sample on The 7 Key Differences Between Business-to-Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are selling to people. And people are pretty much the same. † He’s wrong. Yes, there are similarities. But there are also differences in selling to business and professional buyers vs. the general public. In fact, here are six key factors that set business-to-business marketing apart from consumer marketing: . The business buyer wants to buy. Most consumer advertising offers people products they might enjoy but don’t really need. How many subscription promotions, for example, sell publications that the reader truly could not live without? If we subscribe, we do so for pleasure – not because the information offered is essential to our day-to-day activity. But in business-to-business marketing, the situation is different. The business buyer wants to buy. Indeed, all business enterprises must routinely buy products and services that help them stay profitable, competitive, and successful. The proof of his is the existence of the purchasing agent, whose sole function is to purchase things. 2. The business buyer is sophisticated. Business-to-business copy talks to a sophisticated audience. Your typical reader has a high interest in – and understanding of – your product (or at least of the problem it solves). Importantly, the reader usually knows more about the product and its use than you do. It would be folly, for example, to believe that a few days spent reading about mainframe computers will educate you to the level of your target prospect – a systems analyst with six or seven years experience. This realization makes business-to-business writers somewhat more humble than their consumer counterparts. ) The sophistication of the reader requires the business-to-business copywriter to do a tremendous amount of research and digging into the market, the product, and its application. The business audience does not respond well to slogans or oversimplifi cation. 3. The business buyer will read a lot of copy. The business buyer is an information-seeker, constantly on the lookout for information and advice that can help the buyer do the job better, increase profits, or advance his career. Our prospects are turned off by colorful, advertising-type sales brochures,† says the marketing manager of a company selling complex ‘systems’ software products to large IBM data centers. â€Å"They are hungry for information and respond better to letters and bulletins that explain, in fairly technical terms, what our product is and how it solves a particular data-center problem. † Don’t be afraid to write long copy in mailers, ads, and fulfillment brochures. Prospects will read your message – if it is interesting, important, and relevant to their needs. And don’t hesitate to use informational pieces as response hooks for ads and mailers. The offer of a free booklet, report, or technical guide can still pull well – despite the glut of reading matter clogging the prospect’s in-basket. 4. A multistep buying process. In consumer direct response, copywriters’ fees are geared toward producing the â€Å"package† – an elaborate mailing that does the bulk of the selling job for a publication, insurance policy, or other mail order product. But in business-to-business direct marketing, the concept of package or control is virtually non-existent. Why? Because the purchase of most business products is a multistep buying process. A vice president of manufacturing doesn’t clip a coupon and order a $35,000 machine by mail. First he asks for a brochure. Then a sales meeting. Then a demonstration. Then a 30-day trial. Then a proposal or contract. Thus, it is not a single piece of copy that wins the contract award. Rather, it takes a series of letters, brochures, presentations, ads, and mailers – combined with the efforts of salespeople – to turn a cold lead into a paying customer. 5. Multiple buying influences. You don’t usually consult with a team of experts when you want to buy a fast-food hamburger, a soda, bottle of shampoo, or a pair of shoes, do you? In most consumer selling situations, the purchase decision is made by an individual. But a business purchase is usually a team effort, with many players involved. For this reason, a business purchase is rarely an â€Å"impulse† buy. Many people influence the decision – from the purchasing agent and company president, to technical professionals and end-users. Each of these audiences has different concerns and criteria by which they judge you. To be successful, your copy must address the needs of all parties involved with the decision. In many cases, this requires separate mailings to many different people within an organization. 6. Business products are more complex. Most business products – and their applications – are more complex than consumer products. (For example, clients I now serve include a commercial bank, a manufacturer of elevator control systems, a data processing training firm, a database marketing company, a mailing list broker, a general contractor, and a semiconductor manufacturer. Business-to-business copy cannot be superficial. Clarity is essential. You cannot sell by â€Å"fooling† the prospect or hiding the identity of your product. Half the battle is explaining, quickly and simply, what your product is, what it does, and why the reader should be interested in it. â€Å"In high-tech direct mail, the key is to educate the prospect,† say Mark Toner, who manages the advertisin g program for Amano, a manufacturer of computerized time-clock systems. â€Å"With a product like ours, most customers don’t even know of its existence. In short, in business-to-business marketing, the rules are different. In the months to come, we’ll explore ways to increase response and profits in this exciting and challenging marketplace. Business buyers are looking for personal benefits by Robert W. Bly In a column titled â€Å"The 7 Key Differences Between Business-To-Business And Consumer Marketing,† I described the six key factors that set business-to-business marketing apart from consumer marketing. They are: The business buyer wants to buy. The business buyer is sophisticated. The business buyer is an information seeker who will read a lot of copy. Business-to-business marketing involves a multistep buying process. The buying decision is frequently made by a committee and not by an individual. Business products are generally more complex than consumer products. Recently, I have formulated a seventh principle which I would like to add to the list The business buyer buys for his company’s benefit – and his own. There are two parts to this principle. Let’s take them one at a time. The Business Buyer Buys For His Company’s Benefit The business buyer must acquire products and services that benefit his company. This means the product or service saves the company time or money, makes money, improves productivity, increases efficiency or solves problems. Let’s say, for example, that you sell a telecommunications network and your primary advantage over the competition is that your system reduces monthly operating expenses by 50 percent. If a prospect is spending $40,000 a month for your competitor’s network, you can replace it and provide his company with the same level of service for only $20,000 a month. The company benefits because it saves $240,000 a year in communications costs – more than $1 million in a five-year period. Yet, despite this tremendous benefit, you find that prospects are not buying. They seem interested, and you get a lot of inquiries. But few sales are closed. Why? Because in addition to buying for his company’s benefit, the prospect also buys for himself. The Business Buyer Buys For His Own Benefit The second part of principle #7 is that, while the buyer is looking to do right by his company, he has an equal (if not greater) concern for his own well-being and selfish interests. Although the idea of saving $240,000 a year with your telecommunications system is appealing to your prospect, his thought process is as follows: â€Å"Right now I have an ATT system. Your system sounds good but I don’t know you or your company. If I switch and something goes wrong, I will be blamed. I may even get fired. My boss will say, ‘You shouldn’t have gambled on an unproven product from an unknown vendor – why didn’t you stick with good ole reliable ATT? ’ He will say this even though he approved my decision. So to be safe, I will stick with my current system†¦ ven though it costs my company an extra $240,000 a year. After all, I’d rather see them spend an extra $240,000 a year than me lose my $60,000-a-year-job! † This play-it-safe mentality is only natural, and it affects buying decisions daily in corporations throughout the country. Data processing professionals are fond of saying, â€Å"Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM. † Buying IBM ensures the prospect that no one can criticize his decision, even if brand X is the better choice from a business and technical point of view. A corporate pension fund manager, writing in Money magazine, noted that no money manager ever got fired for losing money invested in a blue-chip stock. A different example, but the principle remains the same. The Business Buyer Is For Himself Concern for making the safe, acceptable decision is a primary motivation of business buyers, but it is not the only reason why business buyers choose products, services and suppliers that are not necessarily the best business solution to their company’s problem. Avoiding stress or hardship is a big concern among prospects. For example, a consultant might offer a new system for increasing productivity, but it means more paperwork for the shipping department†¦ and especially for the head of the shipping department. If he has anything to say about it, and thinks no one will criticize him for it, the head of shipping will, in this case, work to sway the committee against engaging the consultant or using his system†¦ even though the current procedures are not efficient. The department head, already overworked, wants to avoid something he perceives as a hassle and a headache, despite its contribution to the greater good of the organization. Fear of the unknown is also a powerful motivator. A middle manager, for example, might vote against acquiring desktop publishing and putting a terminal on every manager’s desk because he himself has computer phobia. Even though he recognizes the benefit such technology can bring to his department, he wants to avoid the pain of learning something he perceives to be difficult and frightening. Again, personal benefit outweighs corporate benefit in this situation. Fear of loss is another powerful motivator. An advertising manager in a company that has handled its advertising in-house for the past decade may esist his president’s suggestion that they retain an outside advertising agency to handle the company’s rapidly expanding marketing campaign. Even if he respects the ad agency and believes they will do a good job, the ad manager may campaign against them, fearing that bringing in outside experts will diminish his own status within the company. In these and many ot her instances, the business buyer is for himself first; and his company, second. To be successful, your copy must not only promise the benefits the prospect desires for his company; it should also speak to the prospect’s personal agenda, as well. How to cite The 7 Key Differences Between Business-to-Business, Essay examples

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty in Ca Essay Example For Students

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty in Ca Essay nada and the USA Argumentative Persuasive EssaysThe Death Penalty in Canada and the USA The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, has beenabolished in Canada since 1976, but still exist in a few American States. Thelast execution in Canada took place in 1962. I disagree with the death penalty for several reasons. My first reason isthat I find it extremely inhumane to take someones life in order to demonstratethe power of the law. Another reason for my disapproval of the death penalty, isthe amount of money that it takes to put someone to death, as it would cost thesame to keep an inmate in jail for life, as it would to put that same inmate todeath. My third and final reason, is the guilty conscience that is placed oneveryone involved: the jury who convicted the accused to death; the witnesses tothe execution; and the jail warden who must give out the execution; and theperson who pulls the switch or induces the poison. We will write a custom essay on Capital Punishment The Death Penalty in Ca specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Early societies were based on a simple code of law: an eye for an eyeand a tooth for a tooth. Today, now that our society has become more advanced,we do not function by this ancient code of punishment. For example, we do notrape the rapists daughter; we do not kidnap the kidnappers children; but ifthe death penalty were permitted, we would kill the killer. So why, aseducated citizens, would we want to lower ourselves to this level? Do we feelthat we need to show the power of the police force by killing the killers? Thedeath penalty is extremely barbaric and is often botched in order to let theaccused suffer for several minutes. Society by now must realize that two wrongscertainly do not make a right. You do not show society anything, by killing thekillers, except your ignorance for human life and well being. Some thought has been that if you do kill the killer, it will deterothers from committing such a terrible crime. However, murder rates in Canadahave remained the same and there is no significant difference when comparisonsare made of those States who still have the death penalty. A widely publicizedexecution might reduce homicides, but only for a brief period. Therefore, I donot feel that Canada should permit such a deplorable undertaking of a human life. I know they must be punished, but there is a better way. Prior to putting someone to death, the accuseds lawyer will attemptseveral appeals to the courts in order to lengthen the amount of time he has tolive; and dependent on a technicality, or a sympathetic jury, the accused may besentenced to life imprisonment. These appeals take up an abundance of court timeand cost the public millions of dollars. With the cost of these appeals, itwould cost the same amount to keep the same inmate in jail for a life term. Would it not be better for the inmate to perhaps obtain an education or be giventhe chance to rehabilitate, rather than strapped to a chair and killed Ipersonally would rather see the inmate suffer in prison and have nothing to lookforward to rather than letting the government put him out of his misery bykilling him. To sentence someone to death takes one trial but to actually getsome one in the chair to kill them could take a dozen of trials. The questionmust be asked why do we bother with this lengthy and costly process when wecould sentence people to life in prison, at the same cost. .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .postImageUrl , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:hover , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:visited , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:active { border:0!important; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:active , .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932 .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude8f655159cd043df47c315e84329932:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HYPERLINK http://www.ancient.eu/hadrian/ Hadrian Essay The killing of a human being is very traumatizing to all. Whenever thecourts issue someone to death, the innocent everyday people who are involvedmust be affected. Just imagine how these normal human beings, like you and I,must feel after witnessing a gruesome killing of another human being. Thesepeople will never forget the face on the person that they saw being gassed,electrocuted, or poisoned. The prison wardens who must carry out the killing ofthe sentenced inmate must deal with the emotional problems that performing thisact will accompany. Also the jury must convict the accused and then sentencethis person, whom t hey have never seen in their life, to death. These twelve menand women are put in a position to decide if this person should spend the nexttwenty-five years in prison or should he be sentenced to death. Would you liketo be put into this situation? I know I sure wouldnt. Another issue is what if a person has been convicted and sentenced todeath, and two minutes after the execution, new evidence comes out of nowherethat proves he is innocent of all charges. How do you pay back this poorpersons family? A long liable suit would follow, but Im sure all the money inthe world would not bring back their family member. What are the police officersgoing to do? They thought that they had the right person for the crime and now,with new evidence, they were proven wrong. The death penalty is so final, andit cannot bring a life back, no matter what the circumstances are. In conclusion, I feel that the death penalty should remain abolishedin Canada and should also be abolished in the United States as well. The deathpenalty is a barbaric and inhumane form of punishment. Capital punishment has avery costly and lengthy appeals process attached to it, and is not veryeconomically smart. Also carrying out the killing of someone leaves extremelydeep emotional scars that do not go away overnight. People who witness thekilling are probably scarred for life, plagued with nightmares and they willnever forget the face on the accused as he was receiving his punishment. Bytaking someones life, you too have become a killer; no matter what the circumstances. I simply believe it is not right.

Strategic Information System (SIS)

Introduction As Barlow (1990) provides, SIS exercise should align with SIS objectives for the realisation of business strategic goals. IS has enabled coordination and management and lack of experience and resources required to ensure implementation pose challenges to a company planning to operate globally. Additionally, overall success of an integrated business objective is stated by Pant and Hsu (1995) to â€Å"depend upon the organisation structure, the level of IT experience within the company and the availability of information resources† (p.17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Information System (SIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This therefore implies that IS is indeed a management function and requires the integration of both impact and aligned views of innovative and competitive intelligence of an organisation. It has also increased the realisation of IS application to a firm’s strategic activities enabling efficiency while improving business performances. When applied correctly, information technology can serve as a competitive intelligence in business operations. Technology-enabled business solutions have facilitated globalisation of business operations through retail and wholesale transactions such as global banking. Web-based electronic banking solutions on the other hand have eliminated time and distance barriers by attracting worldwide markets. As a control and coordinative function, IT has facilitated financial and human resources services increasing the global nature of interdependent to information system which in turn enhances business strategy. Strategic importance of information in organisations Strategic information system (SIS) is increasingly becoming important integration unit in many business application services. This approach to strategy formation has influenced the forces will see today in global markets. It is especially true that SIS has influenced strategic planning and is constantly improving company operations in significant ways. Its contribution and impacts to organizations has sufficiently supported the new role of information system and technology which captures and challenges while improving performance and realising gains of its investment. SIS is a practice that ted to regard application regimes such as planning, connecting structurally to different access points with multiple applications and directly to the information system to arrive at consistent economic evaluation of information system investment (Rockart 1979). Pant and Hsu (1995) define SIS as â€Å"the analysis of a corporation’s information and processes using businesses information models together with the evaluation of risk, current needs and requirements† (p.1). In this regard, SIS should be generally understood as a critical requirement to corporate data processing and development of computer-based system that response to company’s needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, realisation of the need to make information system importance to organisation has become practical bringing with it an intertwined relationship between information system function and corporate strategy (Pavri and Ang 1995; Beath and Orlikowski 1994; Porter and Miller 1985). Thought to be particularly important to today’s competitive markets, SIS applications have been widely used as backroom operation in first line support services to deal with day to day mundane tasks leaving office operations to concentrate on strategic planning (Lederer1992). SIS planning begins with identification of needs followed by strategic implementation that begins with what Pant and Hsu (1995) states as â€Å"objectives, priorities, and authorisation of information system projects need to be formalised† (p.1). In other words, beginning with simple tasks then slowly progressing to complex information and support system levels requires as stated in Pant and Hsu (1995) article as â€Å"identification of system development plan that identifies specific projects slated for the future are required, priorities for each project and for resources, general procedures and constraints for each application area† (p.2). In other words, SIS plans to integrate into the corporate system should be specific and adequate to allow understanding of each application, and to understand its procedural order of development. This simply means that organisations should provide a new checklist to ensure most critical priorities are met first. King (1995) article on SIS argued that â€Å"a strategic capability architecture- a flexible and continuous improving infrastructure of organisation capabilities- is the primary basis for a company’s sustainable competitive advantage† (p.67). He stresses on th e need for continuous updating and improving of information system application to align with firm’s strategic objectives against its capabilities. Also defined by Pant and Hsu (1995) as â€Å"a networked, integrated system, available and supportive to users, relate to business strategy, and enable the business-business driven† (p.4), it is indeed true that SIS is a prerequisite of management functions and its application is critical to company’s future success. Corporate functions align with information use and needs with the strategic direction of a company increase strategic importance of information technologies (Battaglia 1991; Hsu and Rattner 1993). As strategically used in office applications, information technology has the capacity to drive development of corporate information system ensuring economic evaluations of information system investment reduces time and space barriers. Deliverance mechanisms of information technology projects specifically rely on aspects such as computer integrated manufacturing such as electronic data interchange and mails as well as providing links to suppliers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Information System (SIS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In factory application, information technology has been critical in providing future strategic sustainment for existing businesses. This application is evident in employee data base and maintenance of scheduling. It has also had the strongest influence on support system of an organisation by helping improve management and performance in areas such as recording and payroll. Applied as a strategic and competitive integrative tool, it has been without doubt that information technology has enabled businesses link to each other while pursuing their opportunities and goals. As an agent-based programming, SIS has been progressively used to support breakthrough ideas in business process es. One business week article presented in The Technology Payoff (1993) argued that information system provides business strategies for management and users while providing coalition systems applicable for entrepreneurial use in innovation and bottom-up development. Deeply imbedded in business processes, SIS has been evidenced to bring about agility, quality and productivity. Applied strategically to cater for the ever rising organisation demands that strive to serve business goals and gain competitive advantage. The Technology Payoff (1993) article provide that information system has indeed helped many businesses in meeting their data processing needs when it indicated that â€Å"throughout the 1980s US businesses invested a staggering $1 trillion in the information tech logy†(p.57). This statement clarifies the importance of IS in adding vale to an organisation. Merely as a tool for integrating business strategies, SIS is indeed a management function that helps identify wea kest areas in organisation and providing the best management systems. Understanding IS practice is important in helping an organisation maximise the return on its information technology investment while meeting its data processing needs. On turning on the question of literacy, integration of information technology in management functions has automated routine tasks without changing business processes, resulting to high productivity. It is also plausible to argue that application of IS has hugely reduced organisation operation expenses by flattening an organisation and adding value to the existing processes. Other studies by The Technology Payoff (1993) claim â€Å"the return on investment in information system averaged to 54% for manufacturing and 68% for all businesses surveyed† (p.58). The article further adds â€Å"technology impacts on re-defining, re-engineering businesses and is likely to continue and it’s expected that IT will play increasingly important roles in future† (p.58).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pant et al (1994) on the other hand points out that â€Å"the emerging vision of virtual corporations will become a reality only if it is rooted in new visionary information technology† (p.1). This article emphasises the future strategic importance of SIS when it further stated â€Å"it is information technology alone which will carve multiple ‘virtual corporations’ simultaneously out of the same physical resources and adopt them without having to change the actual organisation† (p.1). This shows that IT has over the years achieved coherence and integration offering unprecedented possibilities, which have turned into strategic planning. Keen (1993) realistically posits that â€Å"organisations not planning for strategic information system may fail to spot the business implications of competitors use of information technology until it is too late for them to react† (p.1). It is to this we conclude that information technology changes the basics of com petition in an industry, and without it, many businesses will be distinct. While SIS is generally recognised as a key to economic resource, companies are increasingly considering it as one of the firm’s most valuable source of knowledge and important assets comparable to capital and human resources. Since, information is very critical to post-industrial age. The changing world of work is changing to correspond with the ever-changing nature of science and technology- which means that the mainstreams of organisations are driven by technical and strategic functions. IT plays a crucial role in enabling critical operations such as banking and retailing transactions and overall performances come to operation. A perfect example of this is Wal-Mart Stores as quoted by Sheth (1994) to provide â€Å"a computerised inventory control system that electronically orders merchandise from supplies and maintain order in the warehouse† (p.3). This device uses the Wal-Mart Satellite Netwo rk (WSN) that enables two way satellite communications between networks. He further provides Apple and Hewlett-Packard computers as other examples of electronics that are integrated with information system. The second dimension of strategic importance of information in management functions is that of centralising strategic operations. Involved with leading the way in the organisation operates, IT has immensely gained recognition in top management functions. General Motors provides another example on the use of computers as communicative strategic resource enabling it acquire EDS and Hughes. Gaining top management attention, I S has enabled integrated data processing and telecommunication functions to a centralised location. This function explains how information system can mobilise organisation support operations to a centralised strategic functions spreading power away from local administrative support functions to the centre of strategic integrated operation. Information technolog y is increasingly becoming important strategic resource resulting to intense competition in the markets forcing companies to become more efficient and effective. (McFarlan 1984, p.98) Globalisation of business operations have also come to effect since the adoption of IS applications. Sheth (1994) argues that IT has facilitated the post-industrial age where companies acquire global operations and products immensely reducing time and space barriers in market operations. Dating back to its ability to influence organisational changes, Sheth (1994) argues that information technology has enabled flexibility allowing easy collaborations between companies leading to increased mergers and acquisitions evidenced today. With regards to technological revolution, information technology has enabled availability of affordable and useful software applicable to organisation enabling them operate on reduced costs (Rouse and Howard 1993). Telephone companies are good examples of how office automation through computerised billing and operation services can be essential in enabling a company gain competitive advantage over others. These companies also reported reduced operation costs that resulted to significant cost savings and easy account management with the application of information technology. Hotel and tourism industry on the other hand have also reported significant reduction in what Sheth (1994) states as â€Å"operation costs through computerised travel reservations, guest reservations, billing and physical facilities† (p.5). Information technology provides systematic monitoring and evaluation of product and service ensuring less error per unit of activity is achieved. This strategy is evident in the scanner technology and The Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode with chart labels used throughout the US in supermarkets to identify products being purchased. This system has also been used in to speed up checkout processes in airline baggage applications and inventor y control in merchandise management in retail stores (Sheth 1994, p.5). Telecom companies and Fedex Express are increasing relying on value-added services to customise needs of users by creating immediate value and differentiation. Both of these companies have extensively integrated information technologies into their system as a way of enhancing their reliability and ensuring timely deliveries are made -which serves a competitive advantage. When used correctly, information technology faced with information can serve as a competitive intelligence in business operations. For example the Sabre system as applied by American airlines ensures constant updates of airline schedules and fares are adjusted serving it a competitive advantage over other companies. Technology-enabled business solutions have facilitated globalisation of business operations through retail and wholesale transactions such as global banking. Web-based electronic banking solutions have eliminates time and distance ba rriers ensuring suppliers and customers are provided with adequate and efficient services. As a control and coordinative function, IT has facilitated financial and human resources services increasing the global nature of interdependent to information system which in turn enhances business strategy. Sheth (1994) provides perfect example of such operations to include Investment banking and stock exchange companies as a global business operations specialising in borrowing and investing capital across global financial markets on web portals. Sheth (1994) article also emphasises that without information system, the high degrees of stock market volatility and market crash experienced a decade ago would not have occurred. He further adds that computerisation of information technologies have enabled investors adequate information on daily trading cycles. Airline industries on the other hand have been great beneficiaries of information system through the application of inventory control and order entry system since most of its retailing merchandise services such booking tickets are done on internet portals. Finally, embracing information technology through mergers and acquisitions has enabled rationalisation of manufacturing capacity on international levels necessitating what Sheth (1994) states as â€Å"the development and deployment of global networks to coordinate all the activities of manufacturing, assembly and fabrication across global networks† (p.8). Sheth (1994) concludes by adding that â€Å"areas of global business operations such as global procurement, marketing, resources and economy are creating a need for information technology to eliminate time and distance barriers† (p.8). One more reason for increasing the importance of information technologies is the reorganisation of departments and corporations. It has been evidenced that office automation functions have realised reduced operational costs and facilitated efficiency through flattening an organisation and consolidating the support functions such as clerical and secretarial to enable faster data processing as evident in many telecommunication companies. Also, the increased domestic mergers and acquisitions were facilitated by integration and consolidation of information systems which enabled companies realised their capital investment through reduced operation costs. Realisation of corporate strategic resource requires re-organisation and rationalisation of respective information technologies. In crisis management for instance, Sheth (1994) urges the need to recognised adequate information technologies when he stated â€Å" is it possible to prevent, abate, contain or at least quickly respond to corporate crises such as earthquakes, major fire, random shootings, or stealing proprietary information† (p.9). Conclusively, as companies grow and competition intensifies, the need to align company’s strategic goals to become market driven is required. Sheth (1994) succinctly adds â€Å"when an organisation shifts from product divisions to market divisions, the value chain and flow of operations change significantly â€Å"(p.9). This is to mean that if a manufacturing firm for example is driven by materials and customers demand, application of information system to bridge the gap and re-organise its functional activities and support systems to satisfy its customers is required. Sheth (1994) concludes by adding that â€Å"many functions cannot be carried out efficiently without customer order entry systems, database management and, in general, on-line integrated information systems† (p.9). As mentioned earlier, understanding of current practice relating to the application of information system in areas such as crisis management, competition, mergers and acquisitions and consolidation are of paramount importance. This article has realistically pointed out increased value in IS application by providing examples on its efficiencies in the mainframe computing. Facsimile machined have transformed to calculators and telephone terminals. Finally, fibre optics, personal computers and the advent of digital services are among just a few information system solutions mentioned by Sheth (1994). Data Protection Legislation Data Protection Legislation is a law designed to protect personal data against illegitimate processing or unauthorised deletion or loss. Personal information is subjected to a complex array of data protection laws limiting data use without the consent of the party being obtained from. Below is an overview of some of the UK laws that business need to consider to avoid what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"issues of legal liability, restriction on the handling of data or damage of brand and reputation† (p.1). The Data Protect Act 1998 provides Rules and practices that must be adhered to when processing information and grants rights to individuals whose information are being availed. This does not h owever prevent data processing but limits extend to which this information is being availed. This is done by creating independent supervisory body to ensure UK businesses are consistence with legislative requirements. Enforcing rules, rights and practices to ensure safe and healthy working environment aims at harmonising data protection legislation across UK. Aimed at regulating processing of data as applied to computer-based records, UK Data Protection Act directive strives to harmonise legislative rules on data protection to ensure its citizens are well informed and protected. Principles of data protection are applied particularly as stated by Wessing (2010) as â€Å"what personal data being processed, obtained and subsequently used, ‘fairly and lawfully’† (p.3). These are mentioned as; Ensuring data processed meets pre-set conditions of legislative rules, Requesting for permission from individual before collecting data from them. This implies that informatio n regarding the processing of personal data has to be consented and explained of its legitimate interests. In this regard, data subjects are required to be provided with extensive information explaining how data will be gathered and processed as well as full identity of data controller and purposes of data being collected. Data subjects on the other hand are required to be provided what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"rights that include right to object to direct marketing and right to prevent processing likely to cause substantial distress to† (p.3). The Privacy and Electronic Communication The Privacy and Electronic Communication regulation applies to marketing communications activities via electronic media such as fax, email and telephone. This directive to privacy is aimed at governing data in the events of information exchange. This electronic communication regulation act requires the sender to provide his identification and notify the recipient whenever their information is being obtained. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) This legislation is concerned with monitoring of communication on public and private networks. Lawful interception obtains communication network data for monitoring purposes and requires companies to inform users of the subsequent use of their information as provided by Lawful Business Practice Regulations 2000. RIPA sets out what Wessing (2010) states as â€Å"requirements for monitoring or keeping records of communication in self regulatory practices and demonstration that standards by persons using the system and detect authorised use of employer information† (p.8). Freedom of information Act 2000 (FOI) Freedom of information Act 2000 (FOI) gives individual rights to access or deny the existence of the recorded information held by public authorities or competitors (Wessing 2010, p.8). Incorporating key aspects of the data protection legislation Apple Company started as a computer company in the 1970s an d has continued to expand its products over the decades to more specialised products. It admits to using cookies on its website as a strategy of keeping statistics on what parts of the websites that are most hit and how much time clients spend on the website for purposes of product improvement- mentioned as number one online advertisement strategy (Apple 2010). Some data may also require special kind of service level features such as Voip or video conferencing. In this regard, lawful interception of information networked data for monitoring purposes will require Apple to adequately inform its users of its subsequent use. Information System Planning Framework While multihoming is generally used to eliminate network failures, Apple Company applies it to save data transfer costs as the site can use several Internet Service Providers (ISP) and route data traffic to a certain ISP (Hinden 2010). On the contrary though, Information system managers in Apple Company when attempting to connec t employees in various department fails to implement data protection rules when spying on employees who engage in leisure browsing activities while at work. These problems have always been attributed to adequate education on employee privacy due to lack of resources, insufficient planning process and output related problems. Failure to hire technical expertise commitment to carrying out the final plan increases fault intolerance and redundancy because when a lot of office hours are spend on leisure browsing resulting to low outputs. In this regard, resources are required to carry out strategic information system planning, finding team leader with adequate knowledge in computer support and offering education on data protection legislation. In this regard, top management executives should ensure company objectives are not detailed, lengthy and complex, otherwise information system application may be of no value. Where the objective of an organisation aligns with IS strategy, Barlow (1 990) argues that â€Å"the large number of methodologies that have been developed can often add confusion rather than clarify to the (IS) planning process (p.6). Conclusion SIS plans to integrate into the corporate system should be specific and simple to allow understanding of its procedural order of development. The need for continuous updating and improving of information system application to align with firm’s strategic objectives against its capabilities is required. Since information technology provides systematic monitoring and evaluation of products and services, companies that apply IS should be able to record increased turn over ratios due to reduced error per unit levels. It is indeed true that SIS is a prerequisite of management functions and its application is critical to company’s future success. In this regard, all corporate functions should align their company strategic direction with information system applications as a strategy to increase the importa nce of information technologies. In cases of data protection legislation, subjects are required to be provided with extensive information explaining how data will be gathered and processed as well as full identity of data controller and purposes of data being collected. List of References Apple. 2011. Apple Customer Privacy Policy. Available at;  https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/ Barlow, J.F., 1990. Putting Information Systems Planning Methodologies Into perspective. Journal of Systems Management, 1, pp. 6-9. Battaglia, G., 1991. Strategic Information Planning: A Corporate Necessity. Journal  of Systems Management, 1, pp. 23-26. Beath, C.M., and Orlikowski, W.,1994. The Contradictory Structure of Systems Development Methodologies: Deconstructing the IS-User Relationship in Information Engineering. Information Systems Research, 5, pp.350-377 Hinden, R., 2010. RFC 3513: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)  Addressing Architecture. Available at:  https://www.ietf.org/ Hsu, C., Rattner, L.,1993. Information Modeling. Journal of Productions and  Operations Management. 1(3), pp.1 Keen, P., 1993. Information Technology and the Measurement Difference: A Fusion Map. IBM Systems Journal, 32, pp. 1 King, R., 1995. Creating A Strategic Capabilities Architecture. Information Systems  Management, 12, p. 67-9. Lederer, L., 1992. Strategic Information Systems Planning – The Method/1 approach. Information Systems Management, 1, pp.1 McFarlan, F., 1984. Information Technology Changes the Way You Compete.  Harvard Business Review, 1, pp. 98-105 Parvi, F., and Ang, J., 1995. A Study of the Strategic Planning Practices in Singapore. Information Management, 28, pp 33-47 Pant, S., Hsu, C., 1995. Strategic Information System Planning: A Review.  Information Resources Management Association International Conference. 1, 1-23 Pant, S., Rattner, L., Hsu, C., 1994. Manufacturing Information Integration Using a Reference Model. International Journal of Operat ions and Production Management, 14, pp.11 Porter, M., Millar, V., 1985. How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage.  Harvard Business Review, 1, pp.1 Rockart, J.F., 1979. Chief Executives Define Their Own Information Needs. Harvard  Business Review, March, pp.1 Rouse, W., Howard, C., 1993. Software tools for supporting planning. Industrial  Engineering, 1, pp. 51-53. Sheth, J., 1994. Strategic Importance of Information Technology. Advance in  Telecommunications Management, 4, pp.1-14 The Technology Payoff., 1993. Feature Article. Business Week, 1, pp. 57-68. Wessing, T., 2010. An overview of UK data protection law. 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Free Essays on The Sovereignty And Goodness Of God

Throughout Mary Rowlandson’s narrative, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, we receive a glimpse of what captivity among the Indians is like. Rowlandson’s personal account is from a Puritan’s point of view about Native Americans beginning in February of 1675. While reading this narrative, one must understand that the Native Americans were treated as bad if not worse than Mary Rowlandson herself. To get a true understanding, one must be aware of both sides of the story. Rowlandson’s faith remained the primary basis of how she dealt with most problems and her attitude towards the Indians. Even before her capture, Rowlandson saw â€Å"the causeless enmity of these Barbarians, against the English, and the malicious and revengefull spirit of these Heathen† (64). She perceived the Indians as â€Å"murtherous wretches†, â€Å"merciless Heathen†, and â€Å"Infidels† (68-69). As a woman of the Lord, she did not like all the battling, and the sight of murder was frightening. She dreaded the day they would invade her community. They came that â€Å"dreadfull hour,† and all the stories she had heard from others about invasion became a reality (69). Before she was actually captured, she always said she would â€Å"rather be killed by them than be taken alive,† but once she was captured she â€Å"chose rather to go along with those ravenous Beasts† (70). To go through such a trial as captivity would be such a witness to her Christian faith. Rowlandson did not think very highly of the Indians when they captured her, and to h er when they were all gathered in one place, it portrayed â€Å"a lively resemblance of hell† (71). Before Rowlandson’s captivity and throughout her first remove, the Indians are given the image as being animals. Even through these trying times, Rowlandson’s faith remained strong, and she never lost hope. When she felt like she might not make it, â€Å"the Lord renewed my strength still, and carried me along† (... Free Essays on The Sovereignty And Goodness Of God Free Essays on The Sovereignty And Goodness Of God Throughout Mary Rowlandson’s narrative, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, we receive a glimpse of what captivity among the Indians is like. Rowlandson’s personal account is from a Puritan’s point of view about Native Americans beginning in February of 1675. While reading this narrative, one must understand that the Native Americans were treated as bad if not worse than Mary Rowlandson herself. To get a true understanding, one must be aware of both sides of the story. Rowlandson’s faith remained the primary basis of how she dealt with most problems and her attitude towards the Indians. Even before her capture, Rowlandson saw â€Å"the causeless enmity of these Barbarians, against the English, and the malicious and revengefull spirit of these Heathen† (64). She perceived the Indians as â€Å"murtherous wretches†, â€Å"merciless Heathen†, and â€Å"Infidels† (68-69). As a woman of the Lord, she did not like all the battling, and the sight of murder was frightening. She dreaded the day they would invade her community. They came that â€Å"dreadfull hour,† and all the stories she had heard from others about invasion became a reality (69). Before she was actually captured, she always said she would â€Å"rather be killed by them than be taken alive,† but once she was captured she â€Å"chose rather to go along with those ravenous Beasts† (70). To go through such a trial as captivity would be such a witness to her Christian faith. Rowlandson did not think very highly of the Indians when they captured her, and to h er when they were all gathered in one place, it portrayed â€Å"a lively resemblance of hell† (71). Before Rowlandson’s captivity and throughout her first remove, the Indians are given the image as being animals. Even through these trying times, Rowlandson’s faith remained strong, and she never lost hope. When she felt like she might not make it, â€Å"the Lord renewed my strength still, and carried me along† (...

Introduction to Global Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Global Business - Assignment Example It is necessary to find out particular industries, which may help in the building of another industry, which will give national advantage. As suggested by President Khama, the country should promote commercial farming and safari tourism in the country. However, commercial farming would probably require a large labor force, which is not ample in Botswana. The question is whether these industries will lead to an increase in the economic development. Since Porter’s theory explicitly states that the comparative advantage needs to be created, if the government encourages tourism, by building proper safari parks, and marketing the tourism industry of Botswana in the international arena, then the conditions of Porter’s diamond theories will be fulfilled. Tourism also does not require much investment, and hence it can work efficiently. If the competition in the commercial farming is increased, then the supply conditions will also be met. The African Safari in Botswana can be an attraction, because it gives individuals to roam around unguided, if they have a car, and they can spot different types of animals, which includes zebras, monkeys, wild boars and many other birds, which will give Botswana an edge in the global market. Hence, using factor conditions, and creating favorable conditions, the government can create comparative advantage for this industry. Fisher and Clark’s structural change theory also suggests that in the case of Botswana, diamonds are not ‘forever’, and therefore there should be a change in the structure, moving from primary to the service industry, in the form of tourism. This would definitely lead to further specialization and economic development (biz-ed, n.p). 3. The government can impose trade barriers, which includes imposing quotas. It can also put custom duties and tariffs on certain products to increase the price of the imported goods to deter people from buying them. Sometimes, the government can